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Orderly Charging: Concepts, Implementation, and Significance

2025-06-03

With the rapid rise in popularity of NEVs, the demand for community-based charging of EV users has surged. The traditional disorderly charging method not only risks overloading the power grid during peak hours but also disrupt residential electricity supply. Therefore, the concept of orderly charging has emerged, revolutionizing grid management and enhancing the efficiency, intelligence, and organization of NEV charging.

What is Orderly Charging?

Orderly charging refers to the practice of guiding and controlling electric vehicle charging through economic or technological means. Its goal is to meet electric vehicle charging demands while simultaneously "shaving the peaks and filling the valleys" of the power grid load curve. By doing so, it reduces the need for additional power generation capacity, ensuring harmonious development between the electric vehicle industry and the power grid.

Therefore, orderly charging is an intelligent charging approach that optimizes the scheduling of charging piles, , taking into account factors such as grid load, charging demand, and electricity prices.

Usage Scenarios of Orderly Charging

In terms of application, public charging stations, industrial parks, highways and other scenarios typically require rapid, high - power charging due to the time-sensitive nature of usage. In contrast, residential areas and workplace parking lots offer more flexibility in charging time. These latter scenarios are ideal for implementing orderly charging, as users generally have less urgent charging requirements.

Advantages of Orderly Charging

Grid Load Optimization: Orderly charging can optimize the power grid load, realize peak load shaving and valley filling, not only effectively reduce the power supply pressure during the peak hours of the power grid and reduce the fluctuation of the power grid load, but also meet the normal production and living needs of users, realize the smooth transition of power load and improve the stability and security of the power system.
Efficient Energy Management: Compared with the fixed output power of traditional charging piles, the output power of orderly charging piles can be flexibly adjusted within a certain range. This adaptability enables more efficient energy utilization, catering to diverse charging needs.

How to realize orderly charging

Hardware transformation

Vehicle wake-up module: ensuring that all charging vehicles are equipped with wake-up modules, which is a prerequisite for orderly charging.
Communication interface and protocol: Charging piles must be equipped with communication interfaces and protocols capable of transmitting control information. Hardware may need to be modified to support more efficient data exchange.
Energy routers: Energy routers enable load management functions and remote interruption capabilities, facilitating communication between local and cloud - based platforms.

Scheduling operation strategy

Optimal charging in the station area: Under a fixed time - of - use electricity price model, charging piles are remotely controlled via electricity meters to minimize economic costs.
Intelligent charging for station optimization: By adjusting operating prices, users are incentivized to choose off - peak charging periods, ensuring a stable charging process.
Intelligent charging for network optimization: This approach requires sophisticated optimization algorithms to balance grid stability, new energy consumption, and the economic viability of the power system.

Platform Construction

Intelligent service platform: Establishing intelligent service platforms for charging stations provides end - to - end support, from planning and management to day - to - day operations, thereby enhancing the overall quality and efficiency of charging services.

Policy Support and Technology Maturity

Policy support: Governments at national and local levels should continue to issue policies that promote intelligent and orderly charging, as well as vehicle-to-grid (V2G) interaction.

Mature technology: With the advancements of technology, such as the improvement of battery technology and EV charging technology, orderly charging will be more efficient and economical.

Factors Affecting Intelligent and Orderly Charging

Power grid load characteristics vary by region: For example, in Shanghai, China, summer sees a significant increase in peak power demand, straining the power supply. so there is a huge demand for the flexibility of vehicle-network interaction.
Electricity price policies: The electricity price policies in various places have an important impact on the implementation of intelligent and orderly charging. Shanghai’s time-of-use electricity pricing, with its substantial peak - valley price differences, effectively encourages EV owners to participate in grid-balancing activities.
Layout of charging infrastructure: The layout of charging infrastructure needs to be coordinated with the power grid planning. In the "Tenth Five-Year Development Plan for Charging (Replacement) Facilities in Shanghai", Shanghai has defined the construction target and layout of charging infrastructure, requiring that the city's charging infrastructure should meet the demand of 1.25 million new energy EVs in 2025.
Intelligent level of charging facilities: Intelligent and orderly charging requires charging facilities to have a high level of intelligence and realize real-time interaction with the power grid. Shanghai promotes the interconnection of EV infrastructure and improves the intelligent level and collaborative control capability of charging facilities.
User Behavior and Demands Users in different regions have different charging behaviors and demands. Intelligent and orderly charging needs to consider users' charging habits and demands. The charging period of EV owners in Shanghai tends to be concentrated. If it is superimposed on the peak load period of the power grid, it will have an impact on the safe operation of the power grid.
Policy support and incentive mechanism: Policy support and incentive mechanisms are very important for the promotion of intelligent and orderly charging. Through policy documents, Shanghai has implemented the time-of-use electricity price policy and continuously carried out the response to power demand, which has provided conditions for the interaction between vehicles and networks.
Technical standards and specifications: The unified technical standards and specifications are the basis for the implementation of intelligent and orderly charging. For example, Shanghai, China issued the Technical Requirements for Intelligent Charging and Interactive Response of Intelligent Charging Piles for EVs, which stipulated the applicable scenarios, general requirements, intelligent charging requirements, interactive response requirements and platform interactive requirements for intelligent charging and interactive response of intelligent charging piles for EVs.
Safety and reliability Intelligent and orderly charging needs to ensure the safety and reliability of the charging process. In the practice of vehicle-network interaction in Shanghai, the responsiveness of various charging and replacing facilities such as public and residents has been verified, and considerable benefits can be obtained.
Economic analysis: Economy is the key factor for the large-scale promotion of intelligent and orderly charging. The economic analysis of vehicle-network interaction in Shanghai shows that all kinds of charging and replacing infrastructure such as public and residents have the ability to respond and can obtain considerable benefits.

Differences Between Orderly and Disorderly Charging

The main difference between orderly charging and disorderly charging lies in whether the charging behavior of EVs is managed and regulated to achieve more reasonable and efficient power use. The following are the specific differences between them:

Charging management

Orderly charging: through technical means and economic measures, guide and control EVs to charge in the most suitable time. This usually involves using an intelligent charging control system to optimize charging time and power according to grid load and electricity price fluctuation.
Disorderly charging: The charging time of EVs is completely determined by the owners themselves, and there is no unified management strategy, which may lead to the waste of power resources or the instability of the power grid during the peak load.

Power grid influence

Orderly charging: It can help to reduce the load peak of the power grid, reduce the pressure of the power system and enhance the stability and reliability of the power grid by arranging charging during the period of low power demand.
Disorderly charging: May worsen peak-load demands, increasing the burden on the grid and potentially driving up power generation costs and infrastructure investment.

Economic Benefits

Orderly charging: By charging during the low electricity price period, users can save the charging cost. In addition, it can also improve the utilization rate of power grid equipment, which will help reduce the overall power supply cost in the long run.
Disorderly charging: Users may incur higher electricity bills by charging during peak hours when prices are typically elevated.

Technology Application

Orderly charging: It depends on advanced IoT technology and smart grid strategy, such as automatic adjustment of charging piles, reservation and adjustment of users' charging plans, etc.
Disordered charging: Does not require specialized technical intervention, as charging decisions are purely user - driven.

Research Status of Ordered Charging

Research in China

In China, with the rapid development of EVs, related research is also deepening. Current efforts focus on:

Price-based Load Management: Using electricity price incentives to encourage charging during low - grid - load periods, thereby smoothing the load curve.
User-centric Services: Prioritizing user charging needs, such as time and power preferences. This includes expanding the network of fast and slow charging stations and providing personalized charging solutions through intelligent management systems.
Infrastructure Planning: Considering the future development trend of EVs, rationally plan the layout and capacity of charging facilities. For example, according to the number of EVs in the region, the charging demand and other factors, the layout and planning of charging piles are carried out to improve the utilization rate of charging piles. However, challenges remain, such as inconsistent technical standards, low user participation, and complex collaborative management among multiple stakeholders.

Research progress abroad

At present, foreign countries have obtained some advanced experience and research results in the orderly charging control strategy of charging facilities under multi-objective optimization constraints. Some countries have realized effective control and optimization of EV charging through smart grid technology and advanced charging management system, using big data analytics and forecasting models to dynamically adjust charging parameters. Additionally, ongoing research focuses on developing innovative charging technologies, such as wireless and rapid charging, to meet diverse user needs.

Vehicle - to - Grid Interaction and Orderly Charging

In recent years, national and local governments have issued numerous policies to enhance vehicle-to-grid interaction capabilities in charging infrastructure. Power grid enterprises are also actively exploring the specific practice of interaction between NEVs and the power grid.

The interaction between the whole vehicle network will go through several stages from the disorderly charging mode that does not consider the influence on the power grid at the beginning to the deep integration of the transportation network and the power grid. Considering the factors such as supporting policies, users' habits, technical status, industrial ecology and so on, in at least three years, orderly charging (V1G) is the most commercially feasible scheme, and the station reconstruction scheme also takes this as the implementation goal.

From the perspective of ensuring the safety of power grid, the scheme puts forward the construction scheme of orderly charging station, focusing on the transformation of hardware equipment, regulation and operation strategy and information platform. By integrating distribution networks, charging piles, vehicles, and batteries, these stations are equipped to conduct orderly charging operations effectively.

Orderly Charging Pile

Define the orderly charging pile, which is different from the fixed output power of the traditional AC charging pile of 7 kW. The output power of the orderly charging pile ranges from 1.3 kW to 7 kW. The whole project takes the smart energy system of State Grid as the main station. Under the condition that the power grid is not modified and the normal electricity consumption of residents in the community is not affected, an orderly charging plan is formulated according to the principle of "first come, first charge, and reserved charging". The "cleverness" of the orderly charging pile lies in that once the electricity load of the community is too large, the charging pile will adjust the charging time sequence or automatically reduce the output power according to the control strategy of the main station, so as to give priority to ensuring the normal life electricity consumption of residents. At the same time, the charging pile can also be charged independently during the low electricity price period according to the smart charging strategy, which reduces the charging cost and saves the waiting time for the owner.
Differences from ordinary charging pile: Orderly charging piles feature queuing mechanism that allocates charging time for EVs according to users' needs, reduce the waiting time of vehicles during charging and improve charging efficiency. Ordinary charging piles lack this mechanism, and the possible congestion problem needs to be solved by the owner himself.
User-friendly Features: Orderly charging piles provide real - time information, such as the number of waiting vehicles and pile availability, enabling users to plan their charging more effectively.
Limitations of Ordinary Charging Piles: The absence of a queuing system in ordinary charging piles results in longer waiting times and unpredictable charging schedules, requiring users to rely on personal judgment or external assistance.