New energy vehicles, big three, small three, all know!

Generally speaking, the third generation of electricity includes: battery, motor and electronic control system; Small and medium-sized power supply includes: high-voltage distribution box PDU, on-board charger OBC and DC/DC converter. The third power determines the core power performance and endurance of the vehicle, while the third power plays a key role in details such as charging, power distribution and equipment power supply.

01 Big Three Electricity

It contains three major assembly parts:

• Battery pack
• Driving motor
• Electronic control system

In the complex working environment of high temperature, high humidity and vibration, the electric drive system of new energy vehicles accurately controls the power output characteristics of power electronic components at high frequency based on real-time response software algorithm, realizes the control of the drive motor, and finally transmits power to the outside through precision mechanical components.

Power battery

The power battery is like a bunch of small flashlight batteries tied together, and the voltage can soar to hundreds of volts, just like high voltage electricity. There is a "battery manager" BMS inside, which specifically monitors the voltage and temperature of each small battery to ensure that they are all well behaved and have the same voltage, so that the whole car will not "get angry". This battery pack is usually installed under the car, and it must wear "protective clothing" with a waterproof and dustproof rating of IP67 or IP68, just like putting a "golden bell" on the battery, so it is not afraid of rainy days or puddles!

Driving motor

As the "power heart" of the automobile, the driving motor is a device that converts electric energy into mechanical energy, provides power for the vehicle to drive the vehicle forward and backward.

As the power output device of new energy vehicles, the motor is equivalent to the engine of traditional fuel vehicles. The permanent magnet synchronous motor is like the "super engine" of an electric car. It uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to efficiently convert the electricity in the battery into the power to propel the car. This motor is very powerful, powerful, fast, and very energy-saving, so many new energy vehicles (such as some BYD models) use it. It is very powerful to drive. Once you step on the accelerator, the car will "whoosh" out. Driving is both exciting and worry-free!

Electronic control system

Electronic control system is the "nerve center" of new energy vehicles, which coordinates the work of battery system, motor and its control system to ensure the efficient operation of vehicles. It not only has to process the massive data from various sensors of the vehicle, but also adjusts the running state of the vehicle in real time according to the driver's operation intention. The electronic control system can be regarded as the "intelligent brain" of the motor. Its main function is to receive the control instructions from the vehicle control unit (VCU), such as speed and torque, and then accurately control the running state of the driving motor, so as to realize the actions of the whole vehicle such as low speed, high speed, forward and backward, and ensure the smooth and efficient power output.

02 Xiao San Dian

Contains three assemblies:

• DC/DC converter
• On-board charger OBC(On-Board Charger)
• High voltage distribution box PDU(Power Distribution Unit)

On-board charger (OBC)

On-board charger is a bridge connecting external power supply and vehicle battery, and is responsible for converting alternating current into direct current to charge the battery. Its charging efficiency and stability directly affect the charging speed and convenience of the vehicle. With the development of technology, the size of the charger is getting smaller and smaller, but the efficiency is getting higher and higher. Some advanced on-board charger can realize fast charging, which greatly shortens the charging time and makes the waiting time of car owners shorter.

DC/DC converter

The function of DC/DC converter is to convert the high-voltage direct current of the battery into the low-voltage direct current required by various electronic devices of the vehicle, and provide a stable power supply for the lighting, entertainment system and control system in the vehicle. It is like a power distributor, which ensures that all electronic devices can get proper power supply and ensure the normal operation of the vehicle electronic system.

High voltage distribution box (PDU)

The high-voltage distribution box is the core component of the high-voltage system of new energy vehicles, which is equivalent to the "hub" of power distribution. As the power distribution center, it is responsible for distributing and managing the high-voltage DC from the power battery, and distributing the high-voltage DC to various high-voltage electrical equipment such as motors, on-board charger and air-conditioning compressors. At the same time, it also has the functions of over-current protection and short-circuit protection to ensure the safe operation of the high-voltage system, and guards the high-voltage circuit of the new energy vehicle as a safety guard.