Uhlangothi lokudlulisa nokusabalalisa

Ukusetshenziswa kwesitoreji samandla ohlangothini lokudlulisa nokusabalalisa kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukunciphisa ukuminyana kokudlulisa nokusabalalisa, ukubambezeleka kokwanda kwamandla ezinto zokudlulisa nokusabalalisa, nokusekelwa kwamandla angaphandle. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa ohlangothini lokukhiqiza amandla, izinhlobo zokusetshenziswa ohlangothini lokudlulisa nokusabalalisa zincane, futhi ngokombono womphumela, kungukubuyisela okuningi.

Ukunciphisa ukuminyana kokudlulisa nokusabalalisa

Ukuvaleka komugqa kusho ukuthi umthwalo womugqa weqa umthamo womugqa, futhi uhlelo lokugcina amandla lufakwa ngaphezu komugqa. Lapho kwenzeka ukuvaleka komugqa, amandla angakwazi ukuthuthwa angagcinwa ezintweni zokugcina amandla, futhi lapho umthwalo womugqa ungaphezulu kunomthamo womugqa, uhlelo lokugcina amandla luzokhipha amandla emgqeni. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sokukhipha amandla ohlelo lokugcina amandla sifunwa ukuthi sibe ngamahora, futhi izikhathi zokusebenza cishe zingama-50 ~ 100. Kungokwesicelo samandla, futhi kunezidingo ezithile ngesikhathi sokuphendula, ngakho-ke kudingeka kuphendulwe ngemizuzu.

Ukubambezeleka kokwanda kwamandla ezinto zokudlulisa nokusabalalisa

Izindleko zokuhlela igridi yamandla esezingeni noma ukuthuthukisa nokwandisa igridi ziphakeme kakhulu. Ohlelweni lokudlulisa nokusabalalisa amandla lapho umthwalo useduze namandla ezinto zokusebenza, uma ukuhlinzekwa komthwalo kungagcinwa iningi lonyaka, futhi isimo lapho amandla ephansi kunomthwalo kwenzeka kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile eziphakeme, uhlelo lokugcina amandla lungasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ngempumelelo amandla okudlulisa nokusabalalisa amandla egriidi ngokusebenzisa amandla afakiwe amancane, ngaleyo ndlela libambezele izindleko zokwakha izindawo ezintsha zokudlulisa nokusabalalisa amandla futhi libe yandise impilo yesevisi yezinto zokusebenza zangempela. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokunciphisa ukuminyana kokudlulisa nokusabalalisa, imvamisa yokusebenza yokubambezeleka kokwanda kwamandla ezinto zokudlulisa nokusabalalisa iphansi. Ukucatshangelwa ukuguga kwamabhethri, izindleko zangempela eziguquguqukayo ziphakeme, ngakho-ke izidingo eziphakeme zibekwa emnothweni wamabhethri.

Ukusekelwa kwamandla angaphandle

Ukusekelwa kwamandla angasebenzi kubhekisa ekulungiseni ugesi wokudlulisa ngokufaka noma ukumunca amandla angasebenzi emigqeni yokudlulisa nokusabalalisa. Amandla angasebenzi anganele noma ngokweqile azobangela ukushintshashintsha kukagesi wenethi, athinte ikhwalithi yamandla futhi angalimaza nemishini kagesi. Ngosizo lwe-inverter esebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, imishini yokuxhumana nokulawula, ibhethri lingalungisa ugesi wezintambo zokudlulisa nokusabalalisa ngokulungisa ubukhulu bamandla angasebenzi aphumayo. Ukusekelwa kwamandla angasebenzi kuyisicelo esivamile esisekelwe kumandla, esinesikhathi esifushane sokuphuma kodwa esisebenza kaningi.

Uhlangothi lokusetshenziswa kwamandla

Uhlanga lokusetshenziswa kukagesi luyisiphetho sokusetshenziswa kukagesi, futhi abasebenzisi bangabathengi nabasetshenzisi bakagesi. Izindleko nezinzuzo zokukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nohlanga lokudlulisa nokusabalalisa zivezwe ngendlela yenani likagesi, eliguqulwa libe yizindleko zabasebenzisi, ngakho-ke izinga lenani likagesi lizothinta isidingo sabasebenzisi.

Ukuphathwa kwenani likagesi lomsebenzisi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa

Umnyango wezidingo zamandla kagesi uhlukanisa amahora angu-24 ngosuku ezikhathini eziningana ezifana ne-peak, flat, kanye ne-off-peak, futhi ubeka amazinga ahlukene entengo kagesi esikhathini ngasinye, okuyintengo kagesi yesikhathi sokusebenzisa. Ukuphathwa kwentengo kagesi yesikhathi sokusebenzisa komsebenzisi kufana nokuhambisa amandla ngesikhathi, umehluko kuphela ukuthi ukuphathwa kwentengo kagesi yesikhathi sokusebenzisa komsebenzisi kusekelwe ohlelweni lwentengo kagesi yesikhathi sokusebenzisa ukulungisa umthwalo wamandla, kanti ukuhambisa amandla ngesikhathi kusekelwe kumugqa womthwalo wamandla ukulungisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla.

Ukuphathwa kwezindleko zokukwazi

Umnyango wamandla kagesi usebenzisa intengo kagesi ezingxenye ezimbili ezinkampanini ezinkulu zezimboni: intengo yobungako buka kagesi ibhekisela entengweni kagesi ebhalwe ngokwezibalo ngokwezibalo zobungako buka kagesi obuthengiweyo, kanti intengo yamandla ikakhulu incike enanini eliphakeme kakhulu lamandla okusebenzisa ugesi womsebenzisi. Ukuphathwa kwezindleko zamandla kusho ukuthi, ngaphandle kokuthinta ukukhiqizwa okuvamile, izindleko zamandla zincishiswa ngokunciphisa amandla aphezulu okusebenzisa ugesi. Abasebenzisi bangasebenzisa uhlelo lokugcina amandla ukugcina amandla ngesikhathi sesikhathi esiphansi sokusetshenziswa kukagesi bese bekhulula ngesikhathi sesikhathi esiphakeme, ngaleyo ndlela banciphise umthwalo wonke futhi bafeze umgomo wokunciphisa izindleko zamandla.

Thuthukisa ikhwalithi yamandla

Ngenxa yesimo esiguquguqukayo somthwalo wokusebenza wesistimu yamandla nemithwalo yezinto zikagesi ezingalungile, amandla atholwa abasebenzisi anezinkinga ezifana nokushintsha kukagesi, amandla kagesi noma ukuhlehlisa imvamisa, futhi ikhwalithi yamandla iba mpo kulesi sikhathi. Ukulungisa imvamisa yesistimu nokusekelwa kwamandla angapheli (reactive power) kuyizindlela zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamandla ohlangothini lokukhiqiza nokuhambisa nokusabalalisa. Ohlangothini lomsebenzisi, uhlelo lokugcina amandla lungakwazi futhi ukwenza ukushintshashintsha kukagesi nemvamisa kube bushelelezi. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo lokugcina amandla lungasetshenziswa ukuxazulula izinkinga ezifana nokukhuphuka kukagesi, ukuwa kungazelelwe, nokukhanya okungazinzile kusistimu ye-photovoltaic esatshalaliswe. Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamandla kungokwesicelo esijwayelekile esisekelwe emandleni. Isikhathi esithile sokukhipha amandla nemvamisa yokusebenza ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesimo sangempela sesicelo, kodwa ngokuvamile, isikhathi sokuphendula sifunwa ukuba sibe sezingeni lamamilisecond.

Thuthukisa ukwethenjelwa kokuhlinzekwa kwamandla

Ukugcina amandla kusetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwethenjelwa kokuhlinzekwa kwamandla kwe-microgrid, okusho ukuthi uma kwenzeka iphutha lokuphuma kwamandla, ukugcina amandla kungahlinzeka ngamandla agciniwe kubasebenzisi bokugcina, kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka kukagesi ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwephutha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethenjelwa kokuhlinzekwa kwamandla. Imishini yokugcina amandla kule application kumele ihlangabezane nezidingo zeqholo eliphezulu kanye nokwethenjelwa okuphezulu, futhi isikhathi esithile sokukhishwa sithintwa kakhulu indawo yokufaka.

Yiziphi iziteshi zokushaja ezifanele ukufaka ukugcina amandla?

Ukuthi indawo yokushaja ifanele yini ukufakwa kwayo kwisitoreji samandla kudingeka kucatshangelwe kuzo zombili izici zangaphakathi nezangaphandle.

Izinto zangaphandle

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuncike umehluko wentengo ephakeme neyaphansi endaweni. Ngokwesibonelo, eChina, iNational Development and Reform Commission yaze yashicilela isaziso esifuna ukuthi ezindaweni lapho umehluko omkhulu wesistimu yentengo ephakeme neyaphansi ngonyaka odlule noma kulindeleke ngonyaka wamanje udlula u-40%, umehluko wentengo kagesi ophakeme nowaphansi akufanele wehle ngaphansi kuka-4:1; kwezinye izindawo, akufanele wehle ngaphansi kuka-3:1. Ukubekwa kwale ntengo kungasiza, ngezinga elithile, ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kokugcinwa kwamandla.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuncike kumgomo wokuphathwa kwendawo kanye nenqubo yokuvuma yokugcina amandla. Uma izidingo ziphakathi kokuphakeme kakhulu, izindleko ezifihlekile ziphakathi kokuphakeme kakhulu futhi akufanele.

Izici zangaphakathi

Okugxilwe kakhulu kukulungiswa kwesiteshi sokushaja uqobo. Okokuqala, ukugcina amandla kudinga indawo ethile. Ngakho-ke, kungcono kakhulu ukuba nezindawo ezithile zamakhona angenalutho esiteshini sokushaja, njengaseceleni kwe-transformer box noma endaweni eluhlaza. Uma kudingeka ihlale indawo yokupaka yodwa, izokwandisa izindleko ezingeziwe. Okwesibili, ukugcina amandla esiteshini sokushaja kufanele kube nomthamo wokushaja ozinzile ngesikhathi samahora aphezulu, futhi ukuthi mangaki amandla angagcinwa kuncike kakhulu ekutheni mangaki amandla angashajwa esiteshini sokushaja ngesikhathi samahora aphezulu. Ugesi ogciniwe ushajwa ngesikhathi senani eliphansi likagesi. Uma ungadliwa ngesikhathi senani eliphezulu likagesi, akufaneleki ukufaka isitoreji samandla. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuze kufezekiswe i-arbitrage, isiteshi sokushaja kumele sibe nesidingo esanele sokushaja ngesikhathi senani eliphezulu likagesi.

Ake sithathe iZhuhai, eChina njengesibonelo. Kuthatha amahora angu-2 ekuseni namahora angu-5 ntambama, futhi kunamahora angu-7 esikhathi sokusebenzisa ugesi. Ukushaja kungenziwa ngezikhathi ezingekho esikhathini esiphakeme sokudonswa kukagesi. Umehluko wentengo kagesi esikhathini esiphakeme nesiphansi yilezi: i-RMB 1.2638/kWh. Uma ivolumu yokushaja ezinzile phakathi namahora aphakeme ngosuku ingama-500 kWh futhi kunama-500 kWh esitoreji samandla, inzuzo engaphezu kuka-600 yuan ingatholwa ngokusebenzisa umehluko wentengo, futhi lokho kungama-RMB 18,000 ngenyanga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi wokwandisa amandla angabonakali wokugcina amandla, uhlanganiswe nesistimu yokulawula ye-EMS eyididiyelwe ukuze ilawulwe ngokuhlanganyela, inganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu komthwalo, inciphise isidingo sokusabalalisa amandla, futhi ukuphathwa kwamandla esiteshi kuzoba nokuguquguquka kakhudlwana. Ngokwanda kwamandla afakiwe omthombo ovuselelekayo, umehluko wentengo ephakeme-neqhwa yenani likagesi uvame ukwanda kancane kancane. Ngokombono womthetho wokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni nomnotho, imodi eyididiyelwe "ye-" photovoltaic-storage-charging-inspection-service" iyimodeli nobuchwepheshe bokusiza ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zamandla esikhathini esizayo.