Njengoba izimoto zikagesi (EVs) zanda ukuthandwa, umthelela wezindlela zokushaja ekuphakamiseni impilo yebhethri usuphenduke ukukhathazeka okubalulekile kubasebenzisi. Amadivayisi okushaja asheshayo e-DC athandwa ngenxa yokusheshisa kokuphakanyiswa kwamandla, kodwa imiphumela engaba khona yokushaja okusheshayo kumabhethri ayinakuphikwa.

Kulesi sihloko, uMaruikel ufuna ukuxoxa ngemininingwane yokuthi ukushaja okusheshayo kuthinta kanjani amabhethri ezimoto ezisebenzisa amandla amasha, kubandakanya ukubuka konke kobuchwepheshe bokushaja okusheshayo, izimiso zokushaja amabhethri, kanye nezindlela ezinhle zokushaja okusheshayo ngokuphepha.

Ubuchwepheshe bokushaja ngokushesha buveza ubuchwepheshe bokushaja iphakethe le-battery ngokushesha ngesikhathi esifushane ngokwandisa umjikelezo wokushaja noma i-voltage. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokushaja ezijwayelekile, kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokushaja futhi kunciphise isikhathi sokuphumula, kunikeza abasebenzisi induduzo enkulu. Nokho, le teknoloji ibeka izidingo eziqinile kakhulu kumkhiqizo we-battery, izinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nokusebenza.

Ukushaja nokukhishwa kwe-bhathri kuyinqubo yokuhamba kwe-lithium ions phakathi kwezinsika ezinhle nezimbi. Ngesikhathi sokushaja, ama-lithium ions ahamba ukusuka ku-cathode kuya ku-anode; ngesikhathi sokukhishwa, ahamba ngokuqondile okuphambene. Le ndlela inika ama-bhathri e-lithium-ion igama lawo elidumile: "ama-bhathri e-rocking chair," njengoba ama-lithium ions eqhubeka nokuhamba phakathi kwezinsika.

Ngesikhathi sokushaja ngokushesha, inani elikhulu lama-lithium ions kumele libuyele emgqonyeni we-anode ngokushesha. Nokho, indawo encane ye-graphite ayikwazi ukumelana nawo wonke ama-ions ngasikhathi sinye, okuholela ekubambeni. Amanye ama-lithium ions awakwazi ukufakwa ku-graphite futhi esikhundleni salokho abeka njenge-lithium yensimbi phezu kwendawo ye-anode—lesi simo saziwa njengokubekwa kwe-lithium embonini.

Nakuba ama-lithium ions elahlekile, awasoze aphume. Edolobheni eliseduze ne-electrode engeyinhle ye-bhathri, azoguquka abe ama-lithium metal, bese kuba yi-lithium emhlophe-silvery ehlanganiswe nophawu lwe-electrode engeyinhle. Le mphenomenon ibizwa ngokuthi "ukwehla kwe-lithium" embonini.

Uma ukushaja kuqhubeka ezingeni eliphansi lokushisa noma ngezikhukhula eziphezulu, lezi zindawo ze-lithium zingaqinisa futhi zikhule zibe structures ezifana nezihlahla (dendrites). Ngaphezu kwesikhathi, ama-dendrites angadonsa umhlukanisi webhethri, okubangela ukuhamba okuphakathi nendawo kanye nezingozi zomlilo. Ngaphandle kokubheka, ukulahleka kwe-lithium ions esebenzayo kwehlisa amandla ebhethri atholakalayo, kuthinta ngqo ibanga le-EV.

Izimoto ze-EV zanamuhla zifakwe uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri (BMS), okuyisikhungo esihamba phambili esilawula futhi sithuthukisa ukusebenza kwebhethri. Ezimweni ezibandayo, ukuhamba kwe-lithium ion kwehla kakhulu, kunciphisa inani le-ion elibamba iqhaza ezinqubweni zokushaja/nokukhishwa. Ngesikhathi sokushaja ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi, i-BMS iqala ngokuvula uhlelo lokuphatha ukushisa:

I-coolant ishisa futhi ihanjiswa ngepampu ngaphakathi kwebhethri ukuze ikhulise izinga layo lokushisa.

Ukushaja kuqala kukhanyisa le nqubo yokushisa kunokuba kushaje ngqo ibhethri.

Uma ibhethri ifinyelela ku-~20% isimo sokushaja (SoC), iphume esigabeni esibandayo "esibuthakathaka," futhi i-BMS ivumela isivinini sokushaja esiphezulu ngokuya ngempilo yokushisa.

Njengoba i-SoC ifinyelela ku-80%, i-BMS yehlisa amandla okushaja futhi ibophele umjikelezo ukuze iqinise ibhethri, igcizelela ukuphepha kunokushesha.

Ingabe Ukushaja Ngokushesha Kwenze Umonakalo KumaBhethri?

Noma iziphumo ezimbi zokushaja ngokushesha zikhona, umthelela wazo uyiqhawe. Kudinga izinkulungwane zokushaja ngokushesha ukuze kube nokwehla okubonakalayo kwe-battery. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi be-EV baklama ama-battery ukuze ahlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuphila—isibonelo, iChina iphakamisa ukuthi ama-cell wamabhethri kagesi akwazi ukumelana nezikhathi zokushaja ezingaphezu kuka-1,000. Kwemoto ye-EV enobude obungama-500-km, lokhu kuhambisana no-500,000 km wokushayela, okudlula kakhulu impilo ejwayelekile yemoto yangasese engama-200,000–300,000 km.

Isici esiyinhloko ukuvuselelwa kokusetshenziswa: ukuvuselelwa okusheshayo okuvamile kuholela ekulimazeni okukhulu okukhulayo kunezikhala ezisheshayo, kodwa isimangalo esithi "ukuvuselelwa okusheshayo njalo kulimaza amabhethri" siyisichazamazwi esilula kakhulu. Ukuze uvikele impilo yebhethri, gwema ukuvuselelwa okusheshayo uma ibhethri isiseduze kokuphela noma igcwele.

Izindlela Ezingcono Zokushaja Ngokushesha Ngokuphepha

BMS-Driven Smart Regulation:

I-BMS ilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amapharamitha okushaja okusheshayo: ukushaja amandla aphezulu lapho i-SoC iphansi kanye nokushaja kancane ngaphezu kwe-80% ye-SoC, ibalancing ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha.

Izindlela Zokukhokhela Okufanele Zamukelwe:

Phakamisani Ukushaja Kwekhaya Ngokwejwayelekile: Faka umshaja wangasese ukuze ushaje ngokushesha okungaguquki, unciphise ingcindezi ebhathini.

Thuthukisa i-SoC yokushaja Ngokushesha: Qala ukushaja ngokushesha lapho amandla asele engu-20–30%, bese uyama ku-80%. Lokhu kugwema isigaba sokushaja okuncane esingasebenzi kahle futhi kunciphisa ubungozi bokushaja ngokweqile.

Ngiyaxolisa, kodwa angikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngalesi sici.

Amathiphu Ayisisekelo Okushaja

Gwema Ukukhokha Ngokushesha Ngemva Kokub exposure:

Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elivela ekukhanyeni kwelanga okungapheli likhuphula izinga lokushisa lesikhwama sebhethri, okwenza ukuthi umjikelezo ugugule ngokushesha uma ulandelwa ngokushesha.

Thanda Izimo Zokushaja Ezipholile:

Izimo zokushisa zikhathaza uhlelo lokuphathwa kokushisa; shaja ebusuku ngesikhathi sehlobo ukuze uthole ukusebenza okuhle.

Gxila Kude Nezikhukhula Zomoya:

Ungakhethi ukukhokha ngesikhathi sezikhukhula ukuze uvikele izingozi zikagesi.

Akukho Abahlali Ngesikhathi Sokushaja:

Noma ngabe izigameko zenzeka kancane, ukushaja okukhulu kwe-voltage kubeka izingozi—hlale uphume emotweni ngesikhathi sokushaja.

Isiphetho

Ngokusebenzisa kahle nokunakekela, umthelela wokushaja okusheshayo empilweni yebhethri ungaphathwa. Ukunciphisa imvamisa yokushaja okusheshayo nokugwema ukwehla okujulile (ngaphansi kuka-20% SoC) kubalulekile. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka, ukushaja okusheshayo kuzoba kuphephile futhi kusebenze kahle, kuqhubeke nokuthuthukisa ukuhamba kalula kwezimoto zikagesi.

Ngokuqonda imishini yokushaja ngokushesha nokwamukela izindlela zokushaja ezihlakaniphile, abasebenzisi bangajabulela izinzuzo zokuph replenishment okusheshayo kwamanzi kagesi ngenkathi bandisa impilo yebhethri.