Isiqalo sonyaka sibone ukukhula okumangalisayo emakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-NEV. Njengengqalasizinda entsha ebalulekile, izikhundla zokushaja ziyasetshenziswa ngesivinini esikhulu, kanti ubukhulu bazo buyaqhubeka nokwanda. Ngokwedatha yakamuva, sithatha iChina njengesibonelo, ngoJanuwari 2025, inani elihlanganisiwe lengqalasizinda yokushaja eChina lalingu-13.213 million, lenyuka ngo-49.1% unyaka nonyaka. Phakathi kwazo, ukushaja okunamandla amakhulu kuyaba yinto entsha ekhanyayo embonini yezikhundla zokushaja zaseChina.

I-high-power charging pile, njengoba igama layo libonisa, iyidivayisi yokushaja enekhono eliphezulu lokuphuma kwamandla. Uma iqhathaniswa ne-charging pile yakudala, inzuzo yayo enkulu ukunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokushaja.

Ukushaja amandla aphezulu kubonisa ubuchwepheshe bokushaja obunamandla aphezulu, obusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ekushajeni okusheshayo. Ngokuvamile, amandla okushaja aphakeme, isikhathi sokushaja sifushane, futhi amandla okushaja ancike ku-OBC (on-board charger) yemoto yokushaja kwe-AC noma i-BMS (Battery Management System) yokushaja kwe-DC). Ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukushaja, ukuxhumana phakathi kwemoto nemishini yokushaja kuyahlolwa futhi kuqinisekiswe, kanti enye yezinto ezibalulekile amandla okushaja angakwazi ukuwamukela imoto.

Okwamanje, i-high-power charging ihlose ukwandisa isikhathi sokushaja ngaphandle kokukhuphula i-voltage platform yemoto. Kodwa-ke, lapho isikhathi sokushaja sikhuphuka, inani lokushisa lama-terminals nama-cable likhuphuka kakhulu, okuzokwenza ukuthi izinga lokushisa likhuphuke kakhulu, okungalimaza izinto zikagesi zedivayisi yokushaja futhi kubangele ingozi enkulu yomlilo.

Ukuphuma kwamandla aphezulu noma okwamanje okuphezulu: Ngokukhuphula i-voltage yokushaja noma okwamanje okushajayo, noma zombili, ubungako buka-gesi obulethwa ebhethri ngesikhathi esithile buyandiswa. Ngokwesibonelo, ukushaja okujwayelekile kungasebenzisa i-voltage ephansi nokwamanje, njenge-5V/2A; Ukushaja okunamandla aphezulu kungasebenzisa i-voltage ephezulu, njenge-800V noma ngisho ne-1000V, noma okwamanje okukhulu, njenge-800A kanye ne-1500A, njll.

2.2 Lungisa umklamo wesifunda sokushaja: Kuthathwa iziphuphu eziphambili zokuphatha amandla kanye nezakhiwo zesifunda, njengomklamo we-PFC + LLC. Kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokushaja, kunciphise ukulahleka kwamandla, futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi imishini yokushaja ingaqhubeka nokugcina ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokuzinza ngaphansi kwesimo sokuphuma kwamandla aphezulu.

2.3 Ukuphathwa kokushaja okuhlakaniphile: ngosizo lwezinhlaka ezihlakaniphile nezinqubo, ukuqapha isimo sebhethri ngesikhathi sangempela, njengamandla, i-voltage, izinga lokushisa, njll. Ngokusekelwe esimweni sebhethri sangempela, amapharamitha okushaja alungiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze kusebenze izindlela zokushaja ezifana ne-constant-current, i-constant-voltage current-limiting, kanye ne-constant-voltage floating charging. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokushaja.

1 Isikhathi esifushane sokushaja: Leli yilona eliyinzuzo enkulu yokushaja amandla aphezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, emkhakheni wezimoto ezisebenzisa ugesi (NEV), kungagcwalisa amandla amaloli amakhulu asebenzisa ugesi angaphezu kuka-60% kungakapheli imizuzu engu-15. Ezimotweni ezijwayelekile ezisebenzisa ugesi (NEVs), kuthatha imizuzu engu-15 kuphela ukushaja kusuka ku-20% kuye ku-80%.

2 Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenziseka komsebenzisi: Ukushaja amandla aphezulu kunciphisa isikhathi sokulinda abasebenzisi ngesikhathi senqubo yokushaja. Lokhu kwenza ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto zikagesi (EVs) namanye amadivayisi kube lula, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuhamba, futhi kunciphise "ukukhathazeka ngesivinini sokuhamba".

3 Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza: Emikhakheni yezokuthutha nezokuthutha, izimoto zikagesi (EVs) zingagcwaliswa ngokushesha futhi zifakwe emsebenzini olandelayo wokuthutha, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezimoto zokuthutha futhi kunciphise izindleko zokusebenza.

1 Iziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi: Ezindaweni zomphakathi njengezindawo zokuphumula ezimotweni ezisemgwaqweni omkhulu kanye nezindawo ezinkulu zokupaka izimoto, izinsika zokushaja ezinamandla aphezulu zivumela ukushaja okusheshayo kwezimoto zikagesi, kunciphisa isikhathi sokulinda.

2 Ezokuthutha izimpahla: Ekuthuthweni kwemigwaqo emide, ukushaja okunamandla aphezulu kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokushaja futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha.

1 Ubuchwepheshe bokushaja obuqhanyiswa ngamanzi: Ubuchwepheshe bokushaja obuqhanyiswa ngamanzi busebenzisa i-coolant ukupholisa imishini yokushisa ngesikhathi sokushaja, njengezibhamu zokushaja kanye nezintambo. Le ndlela ingalawula kahle izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokushaja, ivumele ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo ezincane, futhi iqinisekise ukuphepha kwemishini yokushaja nezimoto. I-Tesla V3 Supercharger isebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe bokushaja obuqhanyiswa ngamanzi.

.2 800V high-voltage architecture: Izimoto eziningi ezintsha ze-EV, njengePorsche Taycan, zinezinhlelo zikagesi ezingama-800V. Lolu hlelo oluphezulu lwamandla ombane lunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokushaja. Ngamandla afanayo, amandla aphezulu ombane abangela ugesi ophansi, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla nokukhiqizwa kokushisa ngesikhathi sokushaja.

Izikhundla zokushaja ezinamandla amakhulu angu-3: Izikhundla zokushaja ezinamandla amakhulu zingahlinzeka ngamandla okushaja aphezulu kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, isikhundla sokushaja esingu-350kW singashaja u-80% webhethri kungakapheli imizuzu engu-15. Lezi zikhundla zokushaja ngokuvamile zisekela izindinganiso eziningana, njenge-CHAdeMO, i-CCS, i-GB/T, njll., ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana nezimoto ezahlukene.

4 Uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri (BMS): Uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri ludlala indima ebalulekile ekushajeni kwamandla aphezulu. Lungakwazi ukuqapha isimo sebhethri, njengezinga lokushisa, i-voltage, kanye nezinga lokushaja, futhi liqinisekise inqubo yokushaja ephephile futhi esebenza kahle. I-BMS ingalungisa isu lokushaja ukuze kugwenywe ukushisa ngokweqile kwebhethri noma ukushaja ngokweqile, ngaleyo ndlela yelule impilo yebhethri.

Ukuhlakazeka Kokushisa

Njengoba amandla okushaja ekhula, izidingo zokukhipha ukushisa kwemishini ziyanda. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho i-480 kW yokushaja isebenza ngamandla aphelele, izidingo zayo zokukhipha ukushisa zidlula i-20 kW. Ezindaweni zokushaja amaloli amakhulu, ezidinga ukusebenza okuphezulu nesikhathi eside, kubalulekile ukukhipha ukushisa okusebenza kahle kakhulu nokwethembeka okuphezulu kwemishini. Emkhakheni wokukhipha ukushisa, ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko buyizindlela zokungena komoya okuqondile, imibhobho yomoya ezimele, kanye nokupholisa ngamanzi. Phakathi kwalezi, imibhobho yomoya ezimele kanye nokupholisa ngamanzi kunikeza amazinga aphezulu okuvikelwa.

Ukusebenza Okuphelele

Ngenxa yamandla aphezulu, inkinga yokusebenza kahle izoba sobala kakhulu, okuzothinta ukukhishwa kokushisa kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho zesiteshi sonke. Emkhakheni wokushintsha amandla, ngaphezu kokuthuthukiswa kwe-topology nezinga lesistimu, ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi amasha e-semiconductor, njengamadivayisi e-silicon carbide, kubaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi e-silicon carbide kusabhekene nezinselelo ezithile, okubandakanya izindleko, isidingo sokushayela okunamandla aphezulu, ukwakhiwa kwamadivayisi asekelayo e-magnetic, ukukhishwa kokushisa kanye nokuvikelwa okufushane.

Umsindo

Umsindo uzothinta umuzwa wabasebenzisi bokushaja nendawo yesiteshi. Ikakhulukazi kwezinye izimo ezidinga kakhulu umsindo, imishini enomsindo ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa, noma ukusetshenziswa nokufakwa kuyavinjelwa, isibonelo, izinyathelo ezihambisanayo kudingeka zifakwe ukunciphisa umthelela womsindo. Ekulawuleni umsindo, ukuhlelwa kwama-fan, ukwakhiwa kwemibhoshongo yomoya nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezithulisa umsindo nokumunca umsindo konke kuyizici ezibalulekile, ezihlanganyela ekuthonyeni izinga lomsindo.

Amagesi Amandla

Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kokushaja kwe-DC enamandla aphezulu kuzoba nomthelela kugridi yamandla. Kuholela ekwanda okukhulu komthwalo wegriti yamandla. Ikakhulukazi ezitolo ezinkulu, ezindaweni zokuhlala nezinye izindawo, amandla egriti anomkhawulo, futhi ukufinyelela kwemishini yokushaja enamandla aphezulu kuvame ukudinga ukwanda okwengeziwe kwamandla. Ukwanda kwamandla egriti kulezi zindawo akulula kuphela, kodwa futhi kubiza kakhulu. Ukukhuphuka nokwehla okusheshayo kwamandla okushaja enamandla aphezulu kuholela ekwenyukeni kokushintshashintsha kwegridi yamandla, okubeka inselele ekuzinzeni kwegridi yamandla. Lolu shintsho olusheshayo lwamandla lungathinta izici eziphakeme nezansi zegridi yamandla, lwandise umehluko ophakeme-ophansi, futhi lungaholela ekushintsheni kwesikhathi esiphakeme-ophansi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte izinzuzo zezomnotho zokusebenza kwesiteshi.

Ukusatshalaliswa Kwamandla

Ngokuya ngamandla okusatshalaliswa kwamandla, ukubeka amakhebuli nezinye izicelo zobunjiniyela, i-360kW/480kW ingase ibe ngaphezu kokuphindwe kuka-3/4 kune-120kW yokushaja idivayisi, ngakho-ke eziningi ze-360kW/480kW zikhethe i-"isiteshi esisesiteshini" noma isiteshi sokubonisa, njenge-Tesla V3.

Okokuqala, ubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa ukushisa ngamanzi (liquid cooling) buyoba yinto ejwayelekile ezintweni zokushaja amandla aphezulu ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa kanye nokuphila kwemishini.

Okwesibili, ubuhlakani nobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana buvuthwa kancane kancane. Ngokusebenzisa i-Internet of Things (IoT), idatha enkulu kanye nobuchwepheshe be-artificial intelligence, abaqhubi bezikhundla zokushaja bangakwazi ukuqapha ukude, ukuxilonga amaphutha kanye nokubeka amanani ashintshashintshayo ezinto zokusebenza futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle.

Okwesithathu, izikhundla zokushaja ezinamandla aphezulu zizogxila kakhulu ekuhambisaneni nasekuvumelaneni. Zingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimoto ezintsha zikagesi (NEVs) zemikhiqizo ehlukene, amamodeli kanye nemininingwane, ziqede izithiyo phakathi kwezimoto nezikhundla zokushaja futhi zinikeze abasebenzisi isipiliyoni sokushaja esilula.

Okwesine, ukushaja okunamandla aphezulu kuzobona ukuhlanganiswa okuseduze nemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo. Ukusebenzisa amandla elanga nawomoya ukunika amandla izinsika zokushaja kuvumela ukushaja okuluhlaza ngempela, kunciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla esimeme.