Masibe neqiniso elibuhlungu. Ukwakha isikhungo sokushaja sokuhweba akukhona nje ngokufaka ama-plug ambalwa emgwaqweni. Kuyimpi ye-infrastructure. Abaphathi baphakathi kweYurophu, e-Asia, naseMpumalanga Ephakathi baphuthuma ukufakaiziteshi zokushaja ezisheshayo ze-ev, kodwa ukuvinjelwa kwe-grid kanye nezinsiza ezishibhile, eziphumelelayo zibhubhisa imikhawulo yokwenza inzuzo.

Uma ihadiwe yakho ingakwazi ukubekezelela ihlobo elingu-45°C e-Dubai noma ubusika obubandayo e-Berlin, uyamosha imali. Inkathi yokushaja kancane, ubusuku bonke ilungele izindawo zokupaka izimoto zasekhaya, kodwa iyisiphetho sezimoto zezinto ezithuthwayo kanye nezindawo ezisemgwaqweni omkhulu. Izinhlelo ze-Mode 4 DC, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisebenzisa amayunithi amandla ahlukahlukene (njengama-module angu-30kW angashintshwa ngesikhathi esifanayo), zingakhuphula isikhathi sokusebenza kohlelo sibe ngaphezu kuka-98%, zifeza ngempumelelo izidingo ezinzima zezwe lezentengiselwano. Asikhiphe imininingwane yokumaketha futhi sibheke ukuthi yini empeleni edingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe inethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke enenzuzo.

Kubashayeli bezohwebo, impahla kuphela ebaluleke ngempela ukudlula. Ungayibuyisela kanjani imoto emgwaqweni ngokushesha?

Uma inkampani yezokuthutha ishintshela ezimotweni zokulethwa ezisebenzisa ugesi, i-AC wallbox evamile (i-Mode 3) ayikwazi ukuhambisana nesheduli yezinguquko eziningi. Uma iloli lihlala lingasebenzi amahora ayisithupha lilindele ukushajwa, ibhizinisi liyalahlekelwa yimali. Iziteshi zokushaja ezisheshayo zamaloli kagesi ezinamandla aphezulu zishintsha yonke imathematika yokusebenza. Iziteshi zokushaja ezisheshayo zamaloli kagesi ezinamandla aphezulu ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Mode 4 DC (ngokweqa ishaja esebhodini ukuhambisa ugesi ngqo ebhethri) zishintsha yonke imathematika yokusebenza. Lezi ziteshi zingafinyelela ukushajwa okungu-80% ngaphansi kwemizuzu engama-30.

Nokho, isivinini sidinga amandla amakhulu. Ukuthunyelwa kwalawa macebo kuveza iphuzu elibuhlungu kakhulu embonini: igrid yamandla yasendaweni.

Izikhungo eziningi zokuhweba emadolobheni aseYurophu amadala noma emadolobheni ase-Asia anokuhlala akunayo i-400V yephasi elinamasu amathathu ukuze kuqhutshekwe nezikhangisi eziningi ze-120kW noma ze-360kW ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuthuthukisa i-transformer yokuhlinzeka kungathatha izinyanga eziyi-18 futhi kubize imali eningi.

Isixazululo siwukuhlukanisa nokuthembela ku-grid kuphela. Ngokuhlanganisa izikhungo zokushaja ne-Smart grid, abaphathi bangasebenzisa i-Photovoltaics (PV) kanye ne-Energy Storage Systems (ESS).

E-Middle East, isibonelo, amakhabethe okushaja ahlanganiswe nelanga asebenza njengezibaya ezinkulu. Agcina amandla elanga ashibhile emini bese ewakhulula ezimotweni ebusuku. Le ndlela "yokudambisa isiqongo" ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ukushaja okusheshayo ezindaweni lapho igridi yakudala ingakwazi ukuyisekela khona.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imali, kufanele ufanise isakhiwo se-hardware nezidingo ezithile zendawo yakho:

Intengo yesitika yeshaja iyisihibe. Izingxenye zikagesi ezishibhile ngokuvamile azinazo izinto eziphambili zikagesi. Kwenzekani uma ishaja eshibhile ishisa? Izivikela ngokwehlisa izinga lokushisa (ishaja iyanciphisa amandla ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze ivimbele ukushisa ngokweqile, okuholela ezikhathini zokushaja ezihamba kancane). Abashayeli bakho bayalinda, izikhathi zakho zokuphela ziyawa, futhi imali oyiholayo iyawa.

Amayunithi e-DC ahamba phambili asebenza ku-≥ 96% ukusebenza kahle. Ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-10 yokuphila, ukuchitha u-4% kuphela kagesi wakho wonke njengokushisa kuzokubiza ama-Euro ezinkulungwane nge-parking bay ngayinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa i-modular 30kW power block architecture kuqinisekisa ukuthi uma iblokhi eyodwa yehluleka, ishaja nje iyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngamandla ancishisiwe kancane, iqinisekisa isikhathi eside esidingwa izimoto ezinkampani.

Ukulungisa lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda, kufanele uqonde izibalo. Ifomula eyinhloko ye-ROI ilula:

Imali Engenayo Yonyaka = Umthamo Wokushaja Wansuku zonke (kWh) × Isilinganiso Sokusebenzisa × Umehluko Wentengo (Intengo Yokuthengisa - Izindleko Zenethi).

Ngokwesibonelo, ishaja engu-360kW esikhungweni sezimoto esise-European highway esisebenzisa u-15% ingakhiqiza inzuzo enkulu yonyaka kusuka ku-€30,000 kuye ku-€50,000. Ukusebenza kahle nesikhathi sokusebenza kuvikela ngqo le mali.

Ukufakwa kweziteshi zokushaja ezisheshayo zezimoto zikagesi emingceleni kudinga ukuthobela ngokuqinile imithetho yendawo. Ishaja esebenza eJalimane kufanele ihambisane nezimfuno zesoftware ezihlukile kunaleyo eseThailand.

E-EU, i-Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR) ibeka imithetho eqinile mayelana nokuzizwisa komsebenzisi. Izishaja ezintsha zomphakathi ezisheshayo kufanele zinikeze izindlela zokukhokha ezingavamile (njengezifundi zamakhadi esikweletu) kanye namanani acacile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihadiwe kufanele isekele i-OCPP (Open Charge Point Protocol, evumela ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zeziteshi zokushaja kanye nezinhlelo zangemuva) ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuhamba okungenamihawu kunethiwekhi.

I-Asia iyisistimu eyahlukahlukene. Ngenkathi i-Southeast Asia yamukela kakhulu i-European CCS2 standard, imakethe enkulu yase-China ithembele kuphela ku-GB/T interface. Ihadiwe ye-Maruikel yakhelwe ukusekela izintambo ezimbili ngokwemvelo, iqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yakho ingasebenzela noma iyiphi imoto efika.

Izimpahla zokuhweba zangaphandle zibhekana nokuphila okunzima. Ukuphepha akuwona umkhankaso wokumaketha; kuyimfuneko yomthetho.

Iziteshi zokushaja ezisheshayo zochwepheshe kufanele ziphathe izitifiketi ezaziwayo njenge-CE ne-TUV. Lezi ziqinisekisa ukuthi amayunithi anezindlela zokuphepha ezibalulekile, njenge-Type B RCDs ezisika amandla ngemizuzwana uma kutholwa iphutha lomhlabathi le-DC.

Okubaluleke ngokufanayo ukubekwa kwemvelo. Sakha amayunithi ethu ngendlela ye-IP65, siqinisekisa ukuthi ayiminyaniswa nothuli futhi ayamelana nemvula enamandla. Ukuze uthole izilungiselelo zamandla aphezulu (250kW+), sisebenzisa izintambo zokushaja ezibandayo ngoketshezi. Ukuphathwa okusebenzayo kokushisa kugcina izintambo ezisindayo zincane, ziguquguquka, futhi ziphephile ukuthi abasebenzisi baziphathwe, ngisho nasezindaweni ezibandayo.

Ukwesekwa kwezimoto zikagesi kuwumjaho omude, hhayi umjaho omfushane. Ukuphonsa amabhokisi angakafakazelwa, ​​angasebenzi kahle endaweni yokupaka kuzoholela kuphela ezimpahleni ezilahliwe.

Ngokukhetha iziteshi zokushaja ezisheshayo ze-EV ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezivela kumlingani onokwethenjelwa njenge-Maruikel, utshala uhlelo oluhlukahlukene, olusebenza kahle kakhulu olukhulisa umthamo wakho wegridi futhi lugcina imikhumbi yakho ihamba. Ungaqageli ngengqalasizinda yakho—uyihlelele ishumi elilandelayo.

Kufanele wenze ukuhlolwa okuhle komthwalo wendawo. Uma amandla egidi yakho engenele, ungasebenzisa amashaja anomsebenzi wokulinganisa umthwalo obukhoma noma uwahlanganise nokugcina amabhethri (ESS) ukuze ugweme izibuyekezo ezibizayo zesevisi.

Imodi 3 ibhekisa ekushajweni kwe-AC (ngokuvamile kufika ku-22kW), okuncike kusiguquli sangaphakathi semoto. Imodi 4 ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC, lapho ukuguqulwa kwamandla okunzima kwenzeka ngaphakathi esiteshini, kuletha amandla ngqo ebhethri ukuze kube nokujikeleza okusheshayo.

I-OCPP iqinisekisa ukuthi ihadiwe yakho ayiboshelwa kumthengisi oyedwa wesofthiwe. Ikunikeza inkululeko yokushintsha izinkundla zokukhokhiswa nokuphatha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ivikela utshalomali lwakho lwesikhathi eside futhi ivumela ukuzulazula kwenethiwekhi.

Impela. Amayunithi aphezulu okuhweba akhiwe ngezinga eliphezulu le-IP (IP65) nokuphathwa okuthuthukisiwe kwe-thermal, kuqinisekisa ukuthi asebenza ngokwethenjelwa emvuleni enkulu, eqhweni, nasezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-Asia.

Ukuze ushaje i-AC, i-Type 2 iyasebenza yonke indawo. Ukuze ushaje i-DC ngokushesha, uzodinga ikakhulukazi i-CCS2 eYurophu kanye naseMiddle East, kuyilapho i-GB/T iyimpoqo emakethe yaseShayina. Iziteshi zethu zingalungiswa ukuze zisekele lezi zindinganiso ngesikhathi esisodwa.