Kwadalwa ngo 03.19

Ingabe Kuphephile Ukusebenzisa Amashaja E-EV Angaphandle Emvula Nasekuyingqhwa?

Ungakwazi ngempela ukuxhuma imoto yakho kagesi ngenkathi kunombane noma kukuneqhwa ngaphandle? Impendulo emfushane ithi: yebo, impela.

Lokhu kuzethemba kuvela kumazinga omhlaba wonke aqinile. Ngokwesibonelo, i-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) iyala ukuthi zonke izishaja zangaphandle ezihambisanayo kumele zihlangabezane okungenani ne-IP54 rating, ziqinisekisa izinga eliyisisekelo lokuvikelwa ezintweni. 

Lokho kwesaba ukuhlanganisa amanzi nogesi onamandla kakhulu kuyamukeleka, kodwa izishaja zezimoto zikagesi zangaphandle zesimanje zakhiwe kusukela phansi ukuze zikwazi ukubhekana nesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu iYurophu ne-Asia ezingabhekana naso. Konke kuncike ekubeni nendlela efanele yokuvikela ishaja yemoto kagesi eyakhelwe kuhadiweyi.

E-Maruikel, sakha izishaja zethu ngomhlaba wangempela—hhayi nje ezinsukwini ezishisayo. Ake sichaze kahle ukuthi kungani ungashaja ngokuzethemba, kungakhathalekile isibikezelo sezulu.

I-chaja ye-ev yangaphandle, yesimanje, iboniswa endaweni enezikhukhula, enezinhlayiya zamanzi ebusweni bayo, ikhombisa umklamo wayo ophikisana nezimo zokukhanya nezindlela zokuvikela ezisebenzayo.

Ngokuvamile, ukuze uthole umbono obanzi ngalesi sihloko, ungakwazi ukuqala ngalesi isikhungo mayelana nokushaja emvuleni.

Yini Eyenza Ishaja Yangaphandle Iphephile Ngempela?

Ukuphepha kweshaja yangaphandle akuyona imilingo; ubunjiniyela obuhle nje. Kuncike ezimisweni ezimbili ezibalulekile: ukugcina amanzi engena nokucisha ugesi ngokushesha uma kukhona okungahambi kahle.

Isilinganiso se-IP: Isiqinisekiso Sakho Sokungathinteki Yisimo Sezulu

I-spec ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyibheke yi-IP (Ingress Protection) rating. Yikhodi elula enamadijithi amabili ekutshela ukuthi ishaja yakho inamandla kangakanani ngokumelene nezinto eziqinile (idijithi lokuqala) kanye noketshezi (idijithi lesibili).

Ngakho-ke, yini empeleni la manani asho kuwe?

IP54: Lena yi-rating ejwayelekile kumashaja amaningi asekhaya. Ayikwazi ukungena amanzi, okusho ukuthi ilungele ngaphansi kwe-carport noma uphahla olungaphandle, kodwa ngeke ufune ukuthi ibe senhlangothini yemvula eqinile.
IP65: Lena yiyona ehamba phambili ezindaweni zangaphandle ezivulekile. Kusho ukuthi ishaja ayikwazi ukungena nothuli futhi ingamelana nemifudlana yamanzi enomfutho ophansi (njengaleyo evela kumapayipi) kunoma iyiphi indawo.
IP67: Lokhu kudlula kakhulu okuningi, kodwa kunikeza ukuthula okuphelele kwengqondo. Kusho ukuthi iyunithi ingacwiliswa okwesikhashana emanzini ngaphandle komonakalo.

Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe ngohlangothi lobuchwepheshe lokuqiniswa kahle, hlola lezi Izidingo zokufakwa kweshaja ye-EV.

Isithombe esiseduze se-chaja ye-ev yangaphandle enenombolo ye-IP ephezulu, iboniswa ibekezelela izimo zezikhukhula ngemuva kwendlu, igcizelela izindlela zokuvikela ze-chaja ye-ev ezindlini.

I-CE ne-TUV: Isitembu Sokugunyazwa

E-Europe nase-Asia, ukubona lezi zimpawu kushesaja yakho kuyinto okungadingeki ukuthi uyihoxise. Uphawu lwe-CE luyisidingo esisemthethweni ku-EU, luqinisekisa ukuthi ishaja ihlangabezana namazinga ayisisekelo okuphepha.

Nokho, ukukhetha umkhiqizo onezikhwama zokuhlola ezingeziwe ezivela kwelinye ibhizinisi njenge-TÜV kusho ukuthi udlule ekuhlolweni okuzithandela, okuvame ukuba nzima kakhulu. Le nqubo eyengeziwe ibonisa ukuzibophezela okuphezulu kumgangatho nasekuqinisekiseni, kukhombisa ukuthi imishini ihlolwe ngaphezu kwemfuneko ezisemthethweni eziyisisekelo.

Izendlalelo Zezindlela Zokuvikela Umshini Wokushaja we-EV

Ngaphezu kwesikhumba esinzima, izendlalelo eziningi zobuchwepheshe zisebenza ndawonye ukuze ziqinisekise ukuphepha kwakho.

1. Izinto Ezivalekile: Yonke indawo engaba yindlela yokungena kwamanzi—kusukela kumgogodla wekhebuli kuya kumaphinikhodi—ivaliwe ngama-gaskets ezinga lezimboni. Lokhu kuvimba ngokomzimba umswakama ekufinyeleleni ezicini zikagesi eziphilayo.

2. Ukuvikelwa Kwesiphutha Somhlabathi (RCD): Lona ubuchopho besistimu yokuphepha. Yaziwa njenge-RCD eYurophu, lesi sejikelezo sihlola njalo ukuhamba kukagesi. Uma sithola ukuvuza okuncane kakhulu kwamanje (amamiliyamphu ambalwa), siyayivala amandla ngemizuzwana, kudala ngaphambi kokuthi kubangele ukushaqeka. Kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuvikela ev ev charger.

3. Izinto Eziqinile: Akukhona nje ukugcina amanzi engena. Amashaja asezingeni eliphezulu asebenzisa upulasitiki ongamelana ne-UV ongabuni ngemva kweminyaka elangeni laseMiddle East, kanye nezinsimbi ezingagqwali ezizogcina zingagqwali emkhathini omanzi wase-UK.

Umsebenzisi ophephile ufaka i-chaja ye-ev emotweni yakhe ngesikhathi sokudlula kwezikhukhula, ekhombisa ukuzethemba ezindleleni zokuvikela ze-chaja, nezici ezibonakalayo zokuphikisana namanzi.

Izimo Zangempela: Imvula, Iqhwa, Nokushisa

Noma ishaja enhle yakhelwe ukubhekana nakho konke, nansi ongayazi ngezimo ezahlukene.

Ukushaja Emvula

Ngenxa yezici zokuphepha ezibalwe ngenhla, lokhu akuyona inkinga nhlobo nemishini eqinisekisiwe. Ishaja nemoto "ikhulumisana" ngaphambi kokuba kungele ngamandla amakhulu, iqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuphephile. I-RCD iyisiqhakalisi sakho esihlala sikhona.

Izinkinga zasebusika: Iqhwa neqhwa

Inkinga enkulu ebusika akuyona ukuphepha kukagesi, kodwa ukuphatha ngokomzimba.

Amakhebuli Aqhekekayo: Amashaja ashibhile asebenzisa amakhebuli aqina futhi aqine ukuphatha emazingeni okubanda. IMaruikel isebenzisa amakhebuli asezingeni eliphezulu ahlala enwebeka.
Ukuvinjelwa yiQhwa: Ngaphambi kokuxhuma, hlola njalo ukuthi imbobo yokushaja yemoto nesixhumi seshaja azinawo iqhwa neqhwa. Isithiyo esincane singavimbela ukukhiya okuphephile.
Izinga Lokushaja elihamba kancane: Qaphela ukuthi ibhethri yemoto yakho ingase ishaje kancane emazingeni okubanda kakhulu. Lokhu akuyona iphutha leshaja; yikhemistri yebhethri ezizivikela.

Ukushisa Kwasehlobo: Uhlobo Oluhlukile Lokucindezeleka

Emiklimeni eshisa kakhulu njengeNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia noma iMiddle East, ukushisa ngokweqile kuyisitha. Amashaja asezingeni eliphezulu anezinzwa zokushisa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi. Uma izinga lokushisa langaphakathi likhuphuka kakhulu, ishaja izokwehlisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amandla ayo (inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi "derating") ukuze izivikele. Lesi yisici esivamile sokuphepha, hhayi iphutha.

Uhlu Lokuhlola Lokuphepha Komsebenzisi: Ulayini Wakho Wokugcina Wokuvikela

Nakuba ishaja enhle ihlinzeka ngokuvikela okuqinile, imikhuba emihle iqinisekisa ukuthula okuphelele kwengqondo. Ngaphambi kokuthi ushaje, dlula kulolu hlu olufushane lwengqondo:

Hlola Izinto Zakho: Ngaphambi kokuxhuma, hlola ngokushesha isixhumi sokushaja nekhebula. Ungalokothi usebenzise ihadiwe enomonakalo obonakalayo, imifantu, noma izintambo eziveziwe.
Sula imbobo yokushaja: Qinisekisa ukuthi imbobo yokushaja yemoto kanye nesixhumi seshaja azinayo iqhwa eliningi, umboko, noma imfucumfucu. Ukusula okusheshayo kungavimbela izinkinga zokuxhuma.
Qinisekisa Ukuxhumana Okuphephile: Uma uxhuma isixhumi, lalela "uchofoza" ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi siye savaleka ngokuqinile endaweni ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukushaja.
Yeka Uma Kukhona Okubonakala Kungalungile: Uma uzwa imisindo engajwayelekile, unuka ipulasitiki evuthayo, noma ubona intuthu ngesikhathi seseshini, ngokushesha yeka ukushaja usebenzisa inkinobho yokumisa enguphuthukisi esiteshini noma kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Thinta uchwepheshe.

Isiphetho: Shaja, Ngaphandle Kokukhathazeka

Ngakho-ke, kuphephile yini ukusebenzisa ishaja yemoto kagesi yangaphandle emvuleni naseqhweni? Yebo. Izinto zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphezulu, eziqinisekisiwe zenzelwe ngqo lokhu. Izici ezifana namazinga aphezulu e-IP nokuvikelwa kwe-ground fault yizona ezijwayelekileizindlela zokuvikela ishaja yemoto kagesiezikugcina uphephile.

Kwa Maruikel, sakha ishaja zethu ukuthi zihambisane nezimo zezulu eziyinselele zaseYurophu ne-Asia, ukuze ukwazi ukuxhuma ngokuthula kwengqondo, noma ngabe isimo sezulu sinjani. Eminye amathiphu okugcina izinto zakho ziphephile, hlola leli bhukwana ngokuphathelene noukuphepha kwe-EV charger.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ngabe ama-EV charger angaphandle ayangena amanzi ngempela?

Yebo, amashaja anezilinganiso eziphakeme ze-IP (njenge-IP65 noma i-IP67) enzelwe ukuthi angathinteki yisimo sezulu futhi amele imvula neqhwa.

Yisiphi isici esibaluleke kakhulu sokuphepha okufanele usibheke?

Inhlanganisela ye-IP rating ephezulu (ukuze kuvikelwe ngokomzimba) kanye ne-RCD/Ground Fault Protection eyakhelwe ngaphakathi (ukuze kuvikelwe ugesi).

Ingabe isimo sezulu esibandayo singalilimaza ishaja yami?

Cha. Noma ubekuqinisa kakhulu kungase kucishwe kancane isivinini sokushaja (njengoba ibhethri ngokwalo liphola), ngeke kulimaze ishaja eyenziwe kahle.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ishaja yami igcwele iqhwa?

Khipha kahle noma yikuphi iqhwa noma umoya kusuka kuyunithi nesixhumi sekhebula ngaphambi kokuba usifake emotweni yakho. Qinisekisa ukuthi akukho qhwa livimba imbobo.

Ingabe ishaja idinga ukuba sesithunzini ezindaweni ezishisayo?

Akudingekile, njengoba yakhelwe ukubhekana nokushisa. Kodwa-ke, ukunikeza isithunzi kungasiza ukuvimbela ishaja ukuthi inganciphisi (ihlehlise) isivinini sayo ezinsukwini ezishisa kakhulu, ezikhanyayo.

Izindaba Ezihlobene