Ubukhulu bokukhipha amandla emabhethri e-EV buyathinta impilo yawo. Ukukhipha kakhulu kuya ku-20%~30% kungase kuvule ibhethri ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa ukukhipha isikhathi eside kuyalimaza futhi kungaholela ekugugeni okusheshayo kwebhethri. Gwema ukukhipha ugesi kudivayisi yakho njalo, okungukuthi, ukukhipha ngokuphelele. Iseluleko esingcono kakhulu sokushaja ukuthi ungakulindi kuze kuphele ibhethri ngaphambi kokushaja, futhi ungayishaji kakhulu. Ibanga eliphakathi lilungele kakhulu impilo enhle yebhethri.

Ukukhipha Kakhulu Nokukhipha Ngokuphelele: Kuhlukile Kunalokho Ocabanga Ngakho

(I) Ukukhishwa kakhulu: inselele yamandla aphakathi

Ukukhishwa kakhulu kufana nomgijimi webanga elide osengaphezu kokukhathala kodwa usazikhandla ukuze uqhubeke. Uma ibhethri le-EV lisele ngo-20% kuya ku-30% kuphela, njengomgijimi, isiseduze nokuwa. Lokhu ukukhishwa kakhulu. Yize kungase kuthwalwe ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa uma kuyisimo esingapheli, ibhethri lizoba enkingeni enkulu.

Ngokombono wokuphenduka kwamakhemikhali ngaphakathi kwebhethri, ukukhipha amandla kakhulu kufana nokufutha umlilo. Ikakhulukazi esigabeni samandla aphansi, umphumela we-polarization ebhethri uba sobala kakhulu. I-Polarization ifana nokuvaleka kwethrafikhi. Ebhethri, kwenzeka lapho kukhona ukushajwa okuningi ku-electrode, okuthi "kuvimbe" umgwaqo, kubangele ukuthi i-electrode potential ingajwayeleki futhi ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri kukhuphuke. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho ibhethri ishaja, izokhiqiza ukushisa okwengeziwe ngenxa "yokuvaleka kwethrafikhi", futhi ibhethri ngeke ijabule kakhulu.

Nokho-ke, ukukhipha amandla kancane ngendlela efanele kungaba nezinzuzo empeleni. Njengoba nje ukuzivocavoca okusesilinganisweni kungakwazi ukuqeqesha umzimba, ukukhipha amandla kancane ngezikhathi ezithile kungavula izinto ezisebenzayo zepuleti lebhethri futhi kube nomthelela omuhle ekugcineni ukusebenza kwezinto zepuleti. Uma ibhethri lisetshenziswa njalo kuze kube yilapho cishe lingasekho, njengomuntu okhathala kakhulu, izingxenye zangaphakathi zebhethri zizoguga futhi zilimale ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ibhethri lizoba nzima ukulisebenzisa, ukusebenza kwalo kuzoqhubeka nokuba kubi, okuholela ekungakhululeki kokusebenzisa.

(II) Ukukhishwa okuphelele: inselele enkulu yebhethri

Ukukhishwa okuphelele kusho ukusebenzisa wonke amandla ebhethri, njengalapho ifoni ephathekayo icisha ngokwayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-voltage yebhethri izoba phansi kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, kumabhethri e-lithium-ion, i-voltage yehla ibe cishe ku-2.5 kuya ku-3 volts, okusho ukuthi ibhethri liphelelwa amandla futhi udinga ukuthola ishaja ngokushesha.

Ukukhipha ibhethri ngokuphelele kuyingozi, njengoba nje ukukhathala kakhulu kungagula umuntu. Uma ibhethri seliphelile, kungase kwenzeke izinto ezimbi ngaphakathi kulo, okungadala ukuthi izingxenye ezithile zebhethri zishintshe umumo futhi zonakalise ibhethri. Ikakhulukazi kumabhethri e-lithium-ion, uma amandla ekhishwa ngokuphelele, kungakhula izinto ezifana neziphambeko (ama-lithium dendrites) ku-electrode engu-negative. Lezi ziphambeko ziyingozi kakhulu futhi zingadabula i-membrane ngaphakathi kwebhethri, okubangela ukuthi ibhethri izivalele yona. Kulokhu, ukusebenza kwebhethri kuzokwehla, impilo yalo izofushama, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kube nezingozi zokuphepha.

Uma ibhethri selishonele ngokuphelele futhi lingashajwanga, kuyoba njengomuntu olambile kakhulu kodwa engenanto yokudla. Ibhethri lizophinde "londleke kuze kufike ekufeni". Ngaphansi kwalesi simo, izingxenye ezisebhethri zizobe zingasebenzi kahle, ukushaja nokukhipha amandla kuyohluleka. Umthamo webhethri uzokwehla kakhulu, futhi ibhethri lingasephuke ngokuphelele futhi lingasebenzi.

Ububanzi bamandla okushaja obuhle kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi (EVs): umthetho wegolide wokunakekela amabhethri

(I) Ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke: ukukhetha okuhlakaniphile kwebanga lamandla angu-20% - 80%

Lapho ushayela i-EV, ukugcina amandla ebhethri phakathi kuka-20% no-80% kufana "nendawo yokulala ekhululekile" yebhethri. Uma ishaji iphezulu kakhulu noma iphansi kakhulu, izinto ezisebhethri zizoba njengezinto zokwakha ezibuthakathaka futhi zilimale kalula.

Uma amandla ebhathri engaphansi kuka-20%, i-electrode engemihle yebhathri izophuka njengokuthi izinto eziningi zifakwe kuyo; uma amandla ebhathri egcwele, i-electrode enhle izophinde ibhujiswe, okwenza ibhathri ingahlali isikhathi eside. Ukugcina amandla phakathi kuka-20% no-80% kufana nokwengeza ungqimba oluvikela ibhathri. Le ndlela ayikhulisi kuphela impilo yebhathri kodwa futhi iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo okuhle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ivumela ukuthi ikusize kahle isikhathi eside.

Ukushaja kule ndawo yamandla akukhona kuphela okuhle kubhathri (ngoba kushaja ngokushesha), kodwa futhi kuphephile futhi kungenza ibhathri ihlale isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhathri kule ndawo yamandla ifana nomfula ohlangene, ongakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngamandla emotweni, uvumele ukuthi ihambe ngokuzinzile futhi ibheke kude.

(II) Ukuhamba kude: 30% - 90% amandla amabanga aqinisekisiwe

Uma uhamba ibanga elide, ama-EV kumele abe ne-charging ephelele, u-30% kuya ku-90% wamandla afanele. Lokhu kufana nokuhamba emhlabeni futhi ulethe ukudla okomile okwanele uma kwenzeka izinkinga endleleni, njengokungakwazi ukuthola ukudla (iziteshi zokushaja) noma kufanele uthathe indlela ende.

Ibhethri elishajwe ku-90% lingahamba amakhilomitha amaningi kuno-80%, njengokuletha ama-snacks amaningi endleleni, kukwenza uzizwe unokuthula. Isibonelo, i-EV ingahamba amakhilomitha angu-500 uma ishajwe ngokuphelele, amakhilomitha angu-400 uma inamandla angu-80%, kanye namakhilomitha angu-450 uma inamandla angu-90%. Amakhilomitha angu-50 angeziwe angaba usizo olukhulu uma uhamba ibanga elide.

Nakuba ukushaja kuya ku-100% kuzokwenza imoto ihambe kude kakhulu, ukushaja kuzokwehla lapho isicishe igcwele, njengokudla kancane lapho usucishe ugcwele, ukuze kuvikelwe ibhethri. Ngakho-ke, ukushaja kuya ku-90% kulungile ngoba akugcini nje ngokuvikela ibanga elide, futhi akudingeki ulinde isikhathi eside ukushaja, okwenza ukuhamba kube ngcono.

(III) Ukugcinwa kwesikhathi eside: imodi ye-"Hibernation" kumandla acishe abe ngu-50%

Uma imoto kagesi (EV) idinga ukugcinwa isikhathi eside, kungcono ukushaja ibhethri libe cishe ku-50%. Leli zinga lamandla lifana nokubeka imodi ye-"hibernation" ebhethri. Kulesi simo, ibhethri lizikhipha amandla kancane kancane, njengokungena esimweni sokulinda esisebenzisa amandla amancane.

Ngaleso sikhathi, lokhu kungavimbela ibhethri ukuthi lingadonswa ukwehla kokusebenza ngenxa yamandla amaningi kakhulu noma amancane kakhulu ngesikhathi sokugcinwa isikhathi eside. Uma ibhethri ligcinwa linamandla amaningi kakhulu, kufana nebhaluni eligcwele kakhulu, okungadala izingozi zokuphepha njengokuvuvukala kwebhethri; kanti uma ibhethri ligcinwa linamandla amancane kakhulu, kufana nokuthi ibhethri lingene esimweni "sokulamba", okungadala ukuthi ibhethri liphele amandla, lingakwazi ukushaja ngokujwayelekile ngesikhathi esilandelayo lizosetshenziswa, noma ukwehla okukhulu kwamandla.

Kubalulekile ukuthi abasebenzisi be-EV baqonde umehluko phakathi kokukhishwa okujulile, ukukhishwa okuphelele, kanye nebanga lamandla okushaja elilungile lama-EV. Lokhu akukwazi nje kuphela ukwandisa impilo yesevisi yebhethri, kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-EV angasebenza kahle ezimeni ezahlukahlukene zokusebenzisa, okuvumela ukuvikelwa okungcono kwebhethri, ingxenye eyinhloko, ngenkathi ujabulela ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokulula okulethwa ama-EV.