Ukukhetha ingqalasizinda efanele kungumsebenzi omkhulu. Uma unquma ukuthenga imishini yokushaja izimoto zikagesi (EV charger), udinga isu elicacile ukuze ugweme amaphutha abizayo. Noma ngabe wakha indawo yezohwebo e-EU noma ufaka ingqalasizinda yamandla aphezulu e-Asia, izidingo zobuchwepheshe ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ochwepheshe bomkhakha bathembela ohlakeni oluqinile lwezinqumo ukuze bafanise izithiyo zendawo nokusebenza kwezinto zokusebenza. Lo mhlahlandlela unikeza uhlu oluhlelekile lokuqinisekisa ukuthi utshalomali lwakho luhambisana nezinjongo zokusebenza zesikhathi eside kanye nemithethonqubo yesifunda kagesi.

Ukuthenga okuphumelelayo kudinga ukuhlola izici zobuchwepheshe, zezimali, nezokulawula ngasikhathi sinye. Leli thebula lezinqumo lenza kube lula ubunkimbinkimbi bokukhetha ihadiwe. Ngokukala ukuthengwa ngakunye okungenzeka ngalezi zinsika ezinhlanu, abaqhubi bangakwazi ukunquma ngokuthembekile ukuthi iyiphi imishini ehlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zenethiwekhi yabo yokushaja. Bukeza ithebula elingezansi ukuze uqonde izilinganiso eziyisisekelo ezidingekayo kunoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo.

Ukuqonda ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla nesikhathi kubalulekile. Kumele ukhethe ihadiwe ehambisana nezidingo zamandla zemikhumbi yakho ethile yezimoto.

Izinkundla eziningi zezentengiselwano zidinga inhlanganisela yamazinga amandla. Ukuze kushajwe izindawo okuyiwa kuzo kanye nezindawo zokusebenza, amayunithi e-Mode 3 AC wallbox (7.4–22 kW) asebenza nge-230 V single-phase noma i-400 V three-phase ngokuvamile anele. Ukuze kusheshwe ukushintshana, qпрioritize i-DC fast charging (Mode 4, 60–360 kW), futhi ucacise ukuthi i-architecture ekulungele i-800 V ukuze i-hardware ikwazi ukusebenzela izinkundla zezimoto zakamuva ezinamandla aphezulu ngaphandle kokudinga ukushintshwa okuphelele kwempahla kamuva. Ngokweqiniso, noma yini engaphansi kwalokhu ingacasula abashayeli futhi inciphise amandla engeniso yesiza sakho. Uma indawo yakho isekela izinto ezisindayo zokuthutha, qпрioritize amayunithi akulungele i-MCS akwazi ukuphatha amandla aphezulu.

I-i-converter yamandla yangaphakathi ubuchwepheshe bulawula ukuthi amandla ahamba kahle kangakanani esuka kugridi eya ebhethrini. Izingxenye ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ziqinisekisa ukulahlekelwa okuncane kokushisa ngesikhathi sokulayisha okuphezulu. Ungalokothi uyekelele ngekhwalithi ye-electronics yamandla. Umehluko phakathi kwesistimu esebenza iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu naleyo ehluleka eminyakeni emithathu. Yilapho kanye lapho umkhiqizi obeka ukwethembeka kuqala njengoMaruikel ezithola ekhona, ecacisa amamojula wokuguqula alinganiselwe ngaphezu kuka-95% wokusebenza kahle impilo yonke yedizayini yeminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu.

Okungafaneleki kakhulu i-hardware engenakho ukuphathwa kokulayisha okuguquguqukayo. Uma imishini ingakwazi ukushintsha amandla phakathi kwezimoto ezixhunyiwe, uzolahlekelwa umthamo wegridi futhi ubhekane nezindleko eziphezulu zokusebenzisa. Gwema i-hardware engeyona ehlakaniphile. Ayisebenzi nhlobo kumanethiwekhi anamuhla, aminyene kakhulu.

Imishini iyaphila noma iyafa ngokukwazi kwayo ukumelana nesimo sezulu sendawo. Noma ngabe usebenza ekushiseni okukhulu kwe-GCC noma ezifundeni ezinemvula zaseNyakatho Yurophu, imishini yangaphandle kumele iqine.

Hlala uhlola ukuthobela i-IEC 60529. Engqalasizindeni ebheke umphakathi, isilinganiso se-IP65 samabhokisi agibele odongeni noma ami phansi (okungangenwa uthuli futhi avikelwe emanzini aphuma ngejethi) siyisisekelo esisebenzayo. Isilinganiso sokuvikelwa kokungena kwesixhumi esimweni sokuxhunywa kufanele sifane nesiboshwa, kanti isilinganiso esiqondile sihlolwa ngokuya ngendawo yokufakwa nezingozi zemvelo. Ngaphandle kwamanzi nothuli, izimpahla zomphakathi zidinga ukumelana nomthelela we-IK10 ukuze zisinde ekucekelweni phansi, kanye nokugqokwa kokugqoka okumelana nokugqwala kwe-ISO 12944 (isigaba sokugqwala C4–C5) ogwini olunosawoti lwaseGulf nasemazweni ashisayo aseNyakatho Yurophu. Awufuni ukubhekana nokuma komsebenzi ngenxa yokugqwala. Kubiza kakhulu empilweni yempahla.

Izinhlelo zokupholisa zangaphakathi zibaluleke njengoba nje igobolondo langaphandle. Ama-charger asheshayo e-DC anamandla aphezulu akhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu. Qinisekisa ukuthi iyunithi isebenzisa ukupholisa okuhlakaniphile ngoketshezi noma uhlelo oluthuthukile lokuphefumula ngamandla. Uma izinzwa zangaphakathi zibonisa ukushisa ngokweqile njalo, lokho kuwuphawu olucacile wobunjiniyela obubi.

Amayunithi ashibhile, anegobolondo lepulasitiki ayisibonakaliso esibomvu kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi wezohwebo. Ngeke ahlale isikhathi eside. Uma umkhiqizi engenayo imibhalo mayelana nokuhlolwa kokushisa noma ukumelana nosawoti, qhubeka. Imikhiqizoyobuchwepheshe kumele isinde ezintweni zemvelo. UMaruikel, ngokwesibonelo, usekela indawo ngayinye ngemibiko yokuhlolwa yohlobo lwe-TÜV kanye namadokhumenti ayo e-IP, IK kanye ne-ISO 12944, ngakho-ke thatha lelo zinga lobufakazi obuqinisekiswayo njengobuncane bakho kunokuba kube inzuzo.

[Isithombe: thenga ishaja yemoto kagesi]

Isithombe sinikezwe yi-Pexels

Amazinga omhlaba wonke aqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imoto ingaxhuma esiteshini sakho ngaphandle kwenkinga. Kumele uqinisekise ukuthobela ngokugcwele amakhodi wesizinda kagesi wesifunda kanye nemithetho yezokuphepha.

Emakethe yaseYurophu, amayunithi akho kumele asebenzise izikhethi zohlobo 2 (Mennekes) zokushaja nge-AC wallbox kanye namapulagi e-CCS Combo 2 zokushaja ngokushesha nge-DC. Kwezinye izifunda, qinisekisa ukuthi ihadiwe yakho isekela i-GB/T noma i-CHAdeMO njengoba kudingwa ingxubevange yezimoto zendawo. Ukuhambisana akukwazi ukuxoxisana ukuze kufinyeleleke emphakathini.

Zonke izingcezu zehardware zidinga ukumakwa kwe-CE okuhlanganisa imiyalelo ye-RED, i-EMC (2014/30/EU) kanye ne-LVD (2014/35/EU). Imibiko ezimele yokuhlolwa kohlobo lwe-TÜV inikeza lowo maphepha isisindo sangempela, futhi uma uthengisa e-United Kingdom uzodinga nokumakwa kwe-UKCA. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-imishini ngeke iphazamise amasignali e-grid noma ibeke ubungozi bokuphepha kagesi.

Ukuphepha kwephutha likagesi olungaqondile (DC) yilapho imininingwane eminingi yehluleka khona ngokuthula. Kumodi 4 yokushaja ngokushesha kwe-DC, i-Type B RCD (ithuluzi lokusalela likagesi) iyanconywa kakhulu njengendlela engcono kakhulu ngaphansi kwe-IEC 62955 ne-IEC 61851-1, ngoba ithola kokubili imisinga yokusalela ye-AC ne-DC ebushelelezi. Ukukhetha kokugcina kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kuqinisekiswe ngokuqhathaniswa nokuhlelwa kwegridi yendawo kanye nomklamo wokuvikela wempahla ethile yokushaja. I-RCD evamile yohlobo lwe-AC ayanele: ayikwazi ukugxuma emazingeni amaphutha e-DC angakhiqizwa ishaja esheshayo, okushiya abasebenzi kanye nezinto zokuvikela zisesimweni esiyingozi. Gcizelela ukuthi kube nokuqinisekiswa okubhaliwe kokuthi yonke iyunithi ye-DC ihlanganisa ukuvikela kwe-Type B RCD, kungaba ngokwakhelwe ngaphakathi noma ngemojula elinganayo yokuqapha ukusalela kwamanje.

I-Hardware engenazo izitifiketi zezifunda eziyisisekelo iyahlulelwa ngokushesha. Awukwazi ukufaka amayunithi angagunyaziwe kuma-grid omphakathi noma ezohwebo. Kuyicala elingokomthetho elilindele ukwenzeka.

Amanethiwekhi okushaja anamuhla ayingxenye yohlelo olukhulu lwamandla. Udinga izilawuli ezihlakaniphile ukuze ulinganise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi wehlise izindleko zokusebenza.

Bheka i-inverter) ukuhlanganiswa okuxhumana kahle nezinhlelo zelanga nezokugcina. Lokhu kuvumela isiza ukuthi sigcine amandla ngezikhathi ezingaphambi kokuthuthuka futhi sikhiphe lapho isidingo siphezulu. Kuyindlela ehlakaniphile yokwehlisa izindleko zakho zokusebenza.

Izingxenyekazi zekhompyutha ezithembekile kufanele zinikeze idatha yokuxilonga 24/7. Uma ishaja iyekile ukusebenza, ithimba lakho lidinga isexwayiso esisheshayo. Isofthiwe yokuphatha ukude ibalulekile ukuvimbela izikhathi ezinde zokungasebenzi. Uma umhlinzeki engakunikezi i-dashboard eqinile, ungayithengi.

Ukuhambisana Kwe-Protocol: Umshini kufanele usekele i-OCPP (Open Charge Point Protocol) 1.6 noma 2.0.1 ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenzisana okungenazinkinga phakathi kweziteshi zokushaja nezinhlelo zokuphatha zangemuva ezivela kubathengisi abahlukene. Ukuhambisana ne-OCPP kuyisivikelo esibalulekile ekubambeni komthengisi.

Izingxenyekazi zekhompyutha ezisebenza njengomshini ohlukanisiwe, "ongacabangi" kuyingcuphe yefa. Ukuxhumana sekuyindinganiso manje. Uma idivayisi ingakwazi ukwenza izibuyekezo ezingenantambo, izophela isikhathi phakathi nezinyanga.

Isinyathelo sokugcina ekhasini lethu lokulinganisa sibandakanya ukuzibophezela komkhiqizi kumkhiqizo. Ukuthembeka akukhona nje ngehardware; kumayelana nobudlelwano.

Amawaranti ajwayelekile kufanele ahlanganise okungenani iminyaka emithathu, kodwa bheka izinketho ezinwetshiwe. Abakhiqizi abahamba phambili banikeza ukwesekwa okuphelele kwe-OEM/ODM ukuze babhekane nezinkinga zobuchwepheshe bekude.

Cela izincomo ezivela kumasayithi akhona. Umkhiqizi onamaphoyinti angaphezu kwe-100,000 asetshenzisiwe unedatha yokufakazela ukusebenza kwakhe. Bheka okwethuibhulogi zokucwaninga ngamacala obuchwepheshe ekusetshenzisweni okuphumelelayo kwezimoto zohlelo.

Uma umkhiqizi engakwazi ukunikeza ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe izinsuku ezi-7 ngezinsuku ezi-24, isiza sakho sisengozini. Isikhathi sokuphumula sibiza kakhulu. Udinga umlingani, hhayi nje umthengisi wezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha.

Ukuze usebenzise leli khadi lokulinganisa, nikeza inani elisuka ku-1 kuye ku-5 kumkhombandlela ngamunye. Isamba esingaphansi kuka-20 sikhombisa ukuthi imishini ingase yehluleke ukuhlangabezana namazinga okuhweba.

1. Amandla Okukhiphayo: Ingabe afana nesidingo sakho esiphezulu?

2. Ukuqina Kwemvelo: Ingabe isilinganiso se-IP sanele?

3. Ukusebenzisana: Ingabe izixhumi ziyindinganiso yendawo yakho?

4. Ubuhlakani: Ingabe inikeza ukuphathwa kwamandla okusekelwe ku-AI?

5. Ukusekelwa: Ingabe kukhona isivumelwano sesevisi se-24/7?

Sebenzisa le nqubo ngaphambi kokuba uxhumaneukuxhumanaNoma yimuphi umhlinzeki. Kusiza ukuthi ugxile emaqinisweni. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi ingqalasizinda ekahle, ehlakaniphile iyazikhokhela ngokusebenza kahle nokunciphisa isikhathi sokuma komsebenzi. Komakhi abenza amazinga emikhumbi eYurophu, e-Asia naseMpumalanga Ephakathi, iMaruikel yakhelwe izinga elilodwa eliphezulu lokuthembeka lase-Eurasia — amapulatifomu e-DC akulungele u-800 V anokuvikelwa kwe-Type B RCD, izindawo ezivalelwe ze-IK10, kanye nefayela lokuthobela imithetho le-CE, i-TÜV ne-UKCA — kunokuba kube yingxubevange yamazinga esifunda. Ungagculi ngokuncane lapho ingqalasizinda ichaza ukukhula kwebhizinisi lakho. Sebenzisa lolu hlaka ukuze uthenge ishaja ye-EV efanele izidingo zakho ezithile namuhla.