Inethiwekhi yezinsizakalo zokushaja izimoto zamandla amasha iya iba nokuqina okukhulu. Nokho, abaphathi bokushaja kanye nabanikazi bezimoto basabhekene nezinselelo ezibukeka zingahambisani: ohlangothini olulodwa alukwazi ukwenza inzuzo enhle, kanti ohlangothini olunye kukhalwa ukuthi ukushaja kubiza kakhulu. Namuhla, i-MARUIKEL izoxoxa nani ngembali yokutshalwa kwezimali ekugcineni amandla eziteshini zokushaja.

Ukugcinwa kwamandla eziteshini zokushaja kusho ukufakwa kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla eziteshini zokushaja. Lesi sikhungo sokugcina amandla sifana nebhethri elikhulu kakhulu. Asigcini imali, kodwa sigcwele ugesi. Uma sifakwa esiteshini sokushaja, kufana nokuba "nomphathi kagesi" ohlakaniphile: Uma intengo kagesi iphansi ebusuku, "umphathi" uzogcina ugesi ngokushesha. Uma intengo kagesi iphezulu emini, uzosebenzisa ugesi ogciniwe ukushaja imoto. Ngale ndlela, umqhubi angathola kabanzi futhi abanikazi bezimoto bachithe kancane. Bobabili bayajabula. Akuyona yini le simo esiwina bonke!

Nokho, njengomphathi, kufanele ubale le akhawunti ngokucophelela. Ngaphambi kokufaka le "bhange yamandla," kufanele uqale ubale kahle inani lokutshalwa kwezimali elidingekayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuhlola inzuzo engaba khona evela ekuhlukaniseni intengo kagesi phakathi kwepiki-nokwehla futhi unqume ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukubuyisa imali etshaliwe. Isivinini nokusebenza kahle kokubuyiswa kwemali etshaliwe yikho esikubiza ngokuthi ukubuyiselwa kokutshalwa kwezimali.

Ngakho-ke, abasebenzisi badinga ukuba nesithombe esibanzi futhi babheke izimo zangempela zeziteshi zabo zokushaja. Kufanele bacabangele izici ezifana nenani lezimoto ezidinga ukushajwa nsuku zonke, ubukhulu bomehluko wentengo kagesi, nezinye izinto ezifanele. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu kuhlola okuphelele, bangabe se benza isinqumo esinolwazi esanele sokuthi ngabe bazofaka yini le "ibhange lamandla" noma cha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangakwazi ukunquma isilinganiso esihle kakhulu sokufakwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kuyonga futhi kutholwe inzuzo enkulu.

Ngokuvamile, ukugcina amandla eziteshini zokushaja kuyinto enhle, kodwa kufanele ubale i-akhawunti ngokucophelela futhi ungakulandeli okwamanje, ukuze uqinisekise isimo esiwina-win.

Ngokuvamile, ukuhlomisa iziteshi zokushaja ngezindawo zokugcina amandla kunikeza ithemba elikhulu. Noma kunjalo, abaqhubi kufanele benze izibalo ezinemininingwane futhi bagweme ukulandela umkhuba. Ngokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi olusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni okuphelele kwezinto ezahlukahlukene, bangaqinisekisa umphumela wokunqoba-kunqoba. Le ndlela izuzisa bobabili abaqhubi beziteshi zokushaja, ibavumela ukuthi bafeze inzuzo eqhubekayo, kanye nabanikazi bezimoto zikagesi, abangajabulela izindleko zokushaja ezithandekayo. Isimo esilinganiselayo esinjalo sikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo kwe-ecosystem yonke yokushaja izimoto ezintsha zamandla.

01 Ukuze Kukhuliswe Izinzuzo Zomnotho, Kudingeka Kubalwe "Ama-akhawunti Okugcina Amandla" Eziteshini Zokushaja

Ngokombono wezinzuzo zezinhlelo zokugcina amandla, izindleko zesistimu, izindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa, umehluko wentengo ephakeme-phansi, izinzuzo zokuphendula isidingo, njll. konke kuyimiphumela eyinhloko. Ifomula ejwayelekile yokubala imali yokugcina amandla ithi: [umehluko wentengo ephakeme-phansi / inani lokukhipha amandla nge-kWh / inani leminyaka].

Indlela yayo yokwenza inzuzo ukuthi ngesikhathi somthwalo ophansi, ibhethri lokugcina amandla lishajwa ngentengo kagesi ephansi; ngesikhathi somthwalo ophezulu, ibhethri lokugcina amandla linikeza amandla kumthwalo, liqede ukudluliswa komthwalo ophezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kutholwe inzuzo kusuka ekuphambaneni kwentengo kagesi ephakeme nephansi. Ngokulula, kusho ukuthenga ugesi enethelini ngentengo ephansi, uwugcine ebhethri, bese uwudayisa ngentengo ephakeme.

Yini inzuzo eqondile kusuka ekuphambaneni kwentengo kagesi ephakeme nephansi? Ifomula yokubala ngokuvamile ithi [(intengo kagesi ephakeme - intengo kagesi ephansi) * ukusebenza kahle kokushaja nokukhipha amandla * inani lezikhathi zokushaja nokukhipha amandla * izinsuku zokusebenza zonyaka].

Ake siqhubeke sikhulume ngokugcina amandla eziteshini zokushaja.

Phakathi kwabo, intengo kagesi ikakhulukazi incike ezinqubweni ezithile zelizwe ngalinye; ukusebenza kokukhishwa nokufaka kubhekisela ekuguqulweni kwamandla kohlelo lokugcina amandla ngesikhathi sokukhishwa nokufaka, futhi le m value ivamise ukuba phakathi kuka-80%-95%; inani lezigaba zokukhishwa nokufaka linani lezenzo zokukhishwa nokufaka ezihlelwa uhlelo lokugcina amandla nsuku zonke noma ngonyaka; izinsuku zokusebenza zonyaka yizinsuku zangempela zokusebenza ngonyaka.

Kule nto, singabona futhi nezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta imali engenayo yokugcina amandla eziteshi zokushaja, okungukuthi, umehluko wentengo kagesi phakathi kwesikhathi esiphakeme nesiphansi kanye nenani likagesi ongawukhipha ngesikhathi esiphakeme. Usayizi umehluko wentengo kagesi phakathi kwesikhathi esiphakeme nesiphansi uthinta ngqo imali engenayo nge-kWh yokugcina amandla, futhi inani likagesi ongawukhipha lincike kakhulu emandleni okusebenza esiteshi sokushaja. Lokhu kusho futhi ukuthi enye yezimo ezibalulekile zokugcina amandla eziteshi zokushaja ukuze kuzuze ngokushintshana ngentengo ukuba kube nenani elizinzile likagesi elishajwa ngesikhathi esiphakeme. Futhi inani lokugcina amandla elifakiwe lincike ekutheni isiteshi sokushaja singakhiqiza kangakanani ugesi ngesikhathi esiphakeme. Uma singakwazi ukusebenzisa ugesi ngezikhathi zentengo ephezulu, khona-ke akulungile ukufaka isitoreji samandla.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ezinye izindawo zinezinye izixhaso nezimali, njengohlelo lokugcina amandla olusiza inethiwekhi kagesi ilungise imvamisa futhi ilungise ukusetshenziswa kagesi okuphezulu, futhi uhulumeni uzonikeza imali noma izikhuthazo zentela. Uma uhlelo lokugcina amandla lungakwazi futhi ukubamba iqhaza ezimakethe zikagesi, kungase kube nemali eyengeziwe.

Impela, ngenkathi yenza imali, kufanele futhi ubheke izindleko, njengokutshala imali ukuthenga nokufaka uhlelo lokugcina amandla, izindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa, njll. Lezi zidinga ukubalwa ngokucacile ukuze kwaziwe ukuthi kuyonga yini ukuhlomisa isiteshi sokushaja ngesitoreji samandla.

Imininingwane evela kwi-Energy Storage Industry Network iveze ukuthi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, izindleko zokwakhiwa kwe-1MWh yesitoreji samandla yi-CNY 800,000 (njengokusezinyangeni zikaZibandlela 2023, intengo ephansi kakhulu yohlelo lokugcina amandla yi-CNY 0.64/Wh, okusho ukuthi izindleko zokwakhiwa kwe-1MWh yesitoreji samandla yi-CNY 640,000, futhi izindleko zesitoreji samandla zizoqhubeka nokwehla esikhathini esizayo).

02 Ukwenza Isitoreji Samandla Sibe Yinto Ejwayelekile Eziteshini Zokushaja? Abasebenzisi Bangazuza Kanjani Emakethe Ebalelwa Ezinkulungwaneni ZamaRandi?

Ngokwe-McKinsey, kulindeleke ukuthi ukugcinwa kwamandla esikhathi eside kubone ukukhula okukhulu kusukela ngo-2025. Ngo-2030, umthamo ofakiwe wokugcinwa kwamandla esikhathi eside kulindeleke ukuthi ufinyelele ku-150-400GW (okuhambisana nomthamo wokugcina wama-5-10TWh), futhi isilinganiso sokutshalwa kwezimali esihlanganisiwe sizofinyelela ku-US$200-500 billion.

Uma kukhona izinqubomgomo eziningi ezizuzisayo, imakethe nayo izophendula kahle. Emakethe yamanje yezinsizakalo zokushaja, izimali zokushaja ezicacile nezimali zezinsizakalo ziyinto nje "yokuqalisa", nje indlela yokuthola abantu. Ngisho nokuhlelwa nokwakhiwa kwezikhundla zokushaja, amaphrojekthi e-EPC, njll. kuyinto nje "yokugcina", kanti amandla elanga, ukugcinwa kwamandla, ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla elanga-ukugcinwa-ukushaja, noma amagridi amancane asuselwe esimweni sesiteshi sokushaja, kanye nezixazululo zokusebenza kwamandla ezihlakaniphile ezenzelwe izici zomthwalo kanye nezidingo zamandla zesiteshi ngasinye kuyimikhosi yokugcina. Okwangaphambili kuyilwandle olubomvu lapho noma ubani angangena khona, kanti okokugcina kunamabala angabonakali aphezulu kakhulu.

Ngokwanda okusheshayo kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kanye nokukhululwa kancane kancane kokuthengiswa kwemakethe yamandla, uhlelo lokugcina amandla, njengoba kuyi-"idamu" lohlelo lwamandla, ngenkathi kusiza ukuzinzisa igridi yamandla, kuphoqelekile ukuthi lunikeze izinzuzo zezomnotho ekusebenzeni kwesiteshi sokushaja.

Ama-charger e-EV asebenzisa ilanga kanye neziteshi zokushaja ezinezinto zokugcina amandla nokushaja ezihlanganisiwe zingase zibe yinto ejwayelekile maduze. Ama-charger e-EV asebenzisa ilanga asebenzisa amandla elanga ukushaja izimoto, okuyinto enhle kakhulu kwimvelo futhi esebenza kahle ngokomnotho. Iziteshi zokushaja ezinezinto zokugcina amandla nokushaja ezihlanganisiwe zinezinhlelo zokugcina amandla kanye nokushaja.