I. Izidingo Zobuchwepheshe Zamapulasu Okushaja

Amalasi okushaja asebenza njenge "iziteshi zegesi" zezimoto zikagesi (EVs). Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: amalasi okushaja e-AC, amalasi okushaja e-DC, namalasi okushaja ahlanganisiwe e-AC/DC akwazi ukushaja i-AC ne-DC.

Amalasi okushaja e-DC afana "nezindawo zokudlela ezisheshayo" ezimotweni ezihamba emigwaqweni. Ahlinzeka ngokushaja okusheshayo, okwenza afanele ukufakwa ezindaweni ezifana nemigwaqo emikhulu neziteshi zokushaja ezinikezelwe. Lokhu kuvumela izimoto zikagesi (EVs) ukuthi "zigcwalise" ngokushesha futhi ziqhubeke nohambo lwazo.

Izinsika zokushaja nge-AC zifana "nezitolo ezilula" emiphakathini. Yize zishaja kancane, zilula kakhulu. Zivame ukufakwa ezindaweni zokuhlala, ezindaweni zokupaka izimoto, ezindaweni zokupaka eziseceleni komgwaqo, nasezindaweni zesevisi zomgwaqo omkhulu, okuvumela abantu ukuthi bashaje izimoto zabo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi nendawo.

Izinsika zokushaja zesimanje zihlakaniphile kakhulu futhi ziyakwazi "ukuxhumana". Kodwa-ke, azixhumi ngokungahleliwe; esikhundleni salokho, zilalela "umthetho" owaziwa nge-OCPP1.6. Lo "mthetho" ufana "nomthetho olulodwa lolimi" ovumela "ukuxhumana" okungenamaphutha phakathi kwezinsika zokushaja, izimoto zikagesi, nezinhlelo zokuphatha iziteshi zokushaja.

Njengoba sidinga ukusebenzisa ulimi abanye abangaluqonda ngesikhathi sengxoxo, izikhundla zokushaja nazo kumele zikhulumisane ngokuhambisana nale mithetho. Ngale ndlela, izimoto zikagesi zingakwazi ukunquma inani elifanele lokushaja, futhi uhlelo lokuphatha iziteshi zokushaja lungakwazi ukuqapha imisebenzi yezikhundla zokushaja. Ngenxa yalokho, wonke umuntu angasebenzisana ukuqinisekisa inqubo yokushaja ephephile futhi esebenza kahle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, le "mhumushi" kumele ihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile, njengokuthi ingangeni mvula futhi ingangeni manzi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungasebenzi kahle okubangelwa izimo zezulu; kumele futhi iqinisekise ukuphepha futhi kungabikho ukuvuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumele ibe namakhono okuxhumana azinzile ukuze kugcinwe ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo futhi kugwenywe "ukuphazamiseka kokuxhumana".

Ngokufingqa, izikhundla zokushaja zifana "neziteshi zikaphethiloli" zezimoto zikagesi. Ngale "mhumushi", izimoto zikagesi zingashaja kalula futhi ngokuphepha, okuzozivumela ukuba zihambe amabanga amade.

⑴ Ubushushu bendawo yokusebenza: -20℃～+50℃;

⑵ Ukufingqa komoya: 5%～95%;

⑶ Ukuphakama: ≤2000m;

⑷ Ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba: kufana nokuthi "ukuhlolwa kokulingisa ukuzamazama komhlaba" kwemishini.

Cabanga ukuthi umhlabathi ongezansi kwezinyawo zethu uqala ukunyakaza njengamagagasi. Lokhu kunyakaza akulona okungahleliwe, kufana negagasi le-sine, elinokunyakaza okushintshana phezulu naphansi.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalokhu kuhamba. Okunye ukuzanyazanyisa ohlangothini, njengamaza athambile olwandle, kuzanyazanyisa ngokuvundlile. Okunye ukuhamba phezulu naphansi, njengalapho sihamba phezu kwezindunduma, imoto igxuma phezulu naphansi. Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu balokhu kuhamba bukhulu kakhulu kunalokho esikujwayele ukukubona.

Ngesikhathi sokuzamazama ohlangothini, kufana nokungeza ukusheshisa okungu-0.3g emhlabathini, lapho "g" imele khona ukusheshisa kwamandla omkhathi esikuzwa njalo emhlabeni. Ngesikhathi sokunyakaza phezulu naphansi, kufana nokungeza ukusheshisa okungu-0.15g emhlabathini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, le "nyikima yomhlaba" ayizange yenzeke kanye, yenzeke kathathu ilandelana. Njalo lapho yenzeka, ihamba ngendlela ejwayelekile njengomugqa we-sine.

Lo mzamo usetshenziselwa ukulingisa inyikima yomhlaba ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi imishini ingakwazi yini ukubekezelela umthelela wenyikima yomhlaba ngaphandle kokuphuka.

Ekugcineni, imishini kufanele yenze kahle kule "ukuhlolwa kokulingisa ukuzamazama komhlaba", okungukuthi, kufanele ikwazi ukubekezelela "ukudlidliza" okunjalo futhi ibe namandla okwengeziwe. Sisebenzisa inombolo ukumela la mandla okwengeziwe, okungukuthi, isici sokuphepha kufanele sibe ngaphezu kuka-1.67.

Ngamazwi alula, imishini kufanele iqine ngokwanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha ngesikhathi "sokuzamazama komhlaba" futhi ingonakali.

⑴ Izinga lokuvikela lekhaya lesikhundla sokushaja kufanele lifinyelele: IP32 ukusetshenziswa endlini kanye ne-IP54 ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zokuvikela izimvula nelanga ezidingekayo kufanele zifakwe.

⑵ Izidingo zokuvikela izinto ezintathu (ukuvikela umswakama, ukubola, nokuvikela umusi kasawoti): Amabhodi wesifunda aphrintiwe, izixhumi nezinye izingxenye zesifunda kushaja kufanele zivikelwe emswakeni, ekuboleni nasemoyeni kasawoti, ukuze ishaja ikwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile endaweni engaphandle enomswakama nenosawoti.

⑶ Ukuvikelwa ekugqwaleni (ukuvikela ukubola): Indlu yensimbi yesikhundla sokushaja kanye nezibiyeli zensimbi eziveziwe nezingxenye kufanele zisebenzise izinyathelo eziphindwe kabili zokuvikela ukugqwala. Indlu yensimbi engesona isikhunta kufanele futhi ihlome ngefilimu yokuvikela ukubola noma iphathwe ukuze ingaboli.

⑷ Indlu yesikhwama sokushaja kufanele ikwazi ukumelana nokuhlolwa kwamandla okubhekana nokushayeka okuchazwe ku-8.2.10 we-GB 7251.3-2005.

II. Izici Zesakhiwo Sendlu Yesikhwama Sokushaja Esenziwe Ngensimbi

I-pile yokushaja ngokuvamile yakhiwa umzimba we-pile, isokhethi yokushaja, idivayisi yokulawula yokuvikela, idivayisi yokukala, idivayisi yokuswayipha ikhadi, isikhombimsebenzisi somuntu-nekhompyutha, njll., njengoba kukhonjiswe esithombeni esingezansi.

Isakhiwo samapayipi ashaja esenziwe ngensimbi eshidiwe senziwe ngensimbi enekhabhoni ephansi enobubanzi obungaba ngu-1.5mm. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa ukugqobhoza, ukugoqa, nokushisela kwensimbi eshidiwe. Amapayipi ashaja amanye asebenzisa umklamo wesakhiwo esingezansi ukuze kucatshangelwe izidingo zokuvikela ngaphandle nokuvikela ukushisa. Isimo esijwayelekile somkhiqizo ikakhulukazi siyi-rectangular, futhi uhlaka lushiselwa njengento eyodwa. Izindawo ezijikelezayo eziyindilinga zengezwe ezindaweni ezithile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubukeka okuhle. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla aphelele epayipi ashaja, izimbambo zokuqinisa noma izimbambo zokuqinisa zishiselwa ngokuvamile.

Ingaphezulu langaphandle lomzimba we-pile ngokuvamile lihlelwe ngezibani zesikhombisi sepanele, izinkinobho zepanele, izikhombimsebenzisi zokushaja nezimbobo zokupholisa, njll. Umnyango wangemuva noma ohlangothini uhlome ngelokhi elwa nokweba, futhi umzimba we-pile uqiniswa esisekelweni sokufaka ngezibholodi ze-anchor.

Ama-fastener ngokuvamile enziwa nge-electroplated galvanized noma insimbi engagqwali. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umzimba we-pile yokushaja unokumelana nokugqwala, i-pile yokushaja ngokuvamile ifafazwa nge-powder coating yangaphandle noma upende wangaphandle ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo yayo yesevisi.

III. Umklamo wokuvimbela ukugqwala womzimba we-pile yokushaja yesakhiwo sephepha lensimbi

⑴ Ukubukeka kwesakhiwo somzimba we-pile yokushaja akufanele kube namakhona abukhali.

⑵ Kuyatuseka ukuthi isembozo esingaphezulu senqwaba yokushaja sibe nomthambeka ongaphezu kuka-5° ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqoqana kwamanzi phezulu.

⑶ Imikhiqizo evaliwe ngokulinganiselayo isebenzisa izinto ezisusa umswakama ukuze kukhishwe umswakama ukuze kuvinjelwe ukujiya. Emikhiqizweni edinga ukupholisa kanye nezimbobo zokupholisa, izilawuli zomswakama + izishisi kufanele zisetshenziswe ukuze kukhishwe umswakama ukuze kuvinjelwe ukujiya.

⑷ Ngemuva kokushisela kwamashidi ensimbi, kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokugcwele imvelo yangaphandle, okokushisela kwangaphandle kufanele kushiselwe ngokugcwele ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nenqamulwazi yokungangeni kwamanzi ye-IP54.

⑸ Ezakhiweni ezishiselwe ezivaliwe njengokuqinisa amaphaneli eminyango, ukufafaza akukwazi ukungena ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esivaliwe. Umklamo kufanele uthuthukiswe ngokuhlanganisa ngemuva kokufafaza, noma ukushisela ngamashidi e-galvanized, noma i-electrophoresis ngemuva kokushisela bese ufafaza.

⑹ Izakhiwo ezishiselwe kufanele zigweme izikhala ezincane kanye nezikhala ezincane ezingenakungena izibhamu zokufafaza.

⑺ Izimbobo zokudlulisa ukushisa kufanele zakhiwe njengezingxenye ngangokunokwenzeka ukugwema ukuhlanganiswa okuncane kanye nezingqimba.

⑻ Izinduku zokukhiya ezithengwe ngaphandle, iz hinge, njll. kufanele zenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali engu-304 ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi isikhathi sokumelana nespray kasawoti esingathathi hlangothi i-GB 2423.17 akufanele sibe ngaphansi kuka-96h.

⑼ Indlela yokulungisa ipuleti legama ishintshiwe yaba ama-rivet angenisi amanzi noma ukunamathelisa. Ukwelashwa okungenisi amanzi kufanele kwenziwe lapho kudingeka izikulufo.

⑽ Zonke izinto zokubopha kufanele zibe ne-zinc-nickel alloy plated noma ziphathwe ngensimbi engagqwali engu-304. Izinto zokubopha ze-zinc-nickel alloy kufanele zihlangabezane nokuhlolwa kwe-neutral salt spray imizuzu engu-96 ngaphandle kokubola okumhlophe. Zonke izinto zokubopha eziveziwe kufanele zenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali engu-304.

⑾ Izinto zokubopha ze-zinc-nickel alloy kufanele zigweme ukusetshenziswa kanye nensimbi engagqwali.

⑿ Izikhala zokufaka zezingqimba zokushaja zidinga ukulungiswa ngaphambi kokufakwa, futhi izikhala akufanele zibhujiswe ngemva kokufakwa kwezingqimba zokushaja. Izikhala zokungena ezisezansi kwezingqimba zokushaja kufanele zivalwe ngothuli olungavuthwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhamba kwamanzi emoyeni ngaphakathi komzimba wezingqimba. Ngemuva kokufakwa, i-silicone sealant ingasetshenziswa phakathi komzimba wezingqimba kanye nepulatifomu yokufaka ye-cement ukuze kuqinise ukuvalwa kwesisekelo somzimba wezingqimba.

IV. Ukuhlelwa Kwenqubo Yokwakha Izingqimba Zokushaja

Ukwakheka kwenqwaba yokushaja kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kunezindawo eziningi zokuhlanganisa, izendlalelo, kanti ezinye zivaliwe kancane noma zivaliwe ngokuphelele. Kufana nokudlala ngezinto zokwakha. Kunezikhala noma izindawo ezifihlekile phakathi kwezinto, okunzima ukuziphatha.

Lezi zakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi zibeka izinselele ezinkulu ekukhiqizweni kwezinqwaba zokushaja. Ngokukhethekile, ukuvikelwa kwe-electrostatic kuthinta indlela yakudala yokufafaza impuphu (efana nokubeka "ijazi elivikela ukugqwala" enqwabeni yokushaja). Ukuvikelwa kwe-electrostatic kufana "nejazi elingabonakali" ezindaweni zokuhlanganisa nezendlalelo, kuvimbele impuphu ukuthi inganamatheli kulezi zindawo. Ngenxa yalokho, lezi zindawo zivame ukugqwala nokulimala.

Ngakho-ke, umklamo wenqubo yenqwaba yokushaja udinga ukucophelela okukhulu. Kumele sithole indlela yokwenza lezi zindawo ezinzima nazo zigqoke "ijazi elivikela ukugqwala" ukuze siqinisekise ukuqina nokuphepha kwenqwaba yokushaja. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, kukhonjiswa izinhlelo ezi-5 zomklamo wenqubo:

a. Uhlelo lwe-powder coating olungqimba olubili. I-primer: i-powder ye-epoxy anti-corrosion engu-50μm; ufulawa: i-powder ye-polyester engu-50μm ehlala isimo sezulu; ubukhulu obuphelele: bungaphansi kuka-100μm.

b. Uhlelo lwe-electrophoresis base + powder coating. I-primer: i-electrophoresis engu-20-30μm; ufulawa: i-powder ye-polyester engu-50μm ehlala isimo sezulu; ubukhulu obuphelele: bungaphansi kuka-70μm.

c. Uhlelo lwe-dip coating + powder spray. I-primer: i-water-based epoxy anti-corrosion primer (i-dip coating) engu-25-30μm; ufulawa: i-powder ye-polyester engu-50μm ehlala isimo sezulu; ubukhulu obuphelele: bungaphansi kuka-80μm. d. Uhlelo lwe-electrophoresis base + powder coating. I-primer: i-electrophoresis engu-20-30μm; ufulawa: i-powder ye-polyester engu-50μm ehlala isimo sezulu; ubukhulu obuphelele: bungaphansi kuka-70μm.

e. Uhlelo lwe-dip coating + powder spray. I-primer: i-water-based epoxy anticorrosive primer (i-dip coating) engu-25-30μm; i-powder: i-powder ye-polyester engu-50μm ehlala isimo sezulu; ubukhulu obuphelele: bungaphansi kuka-80μm.

Amaphuzu Abalulekile Emklamo Wesakhiwo Sokushaja

Umklamo wokubukeka: Umklamo wokubukeka udlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi nokwamukelwa kweziteshi zokushaja. Umklamo omuhle wokubukeka kufanele ube wesimanje, uqondakala kalula, ube lula ukuwusebenzisa, futhi uhambisane nemiklamo yedolobha kanye nobuhle bemvelo.

Izinto zokwakha: Izinsika zokushaja kumele zihlale isikhathi eside futhi zivikeleke. Kuvame ukusetshenziswa izinsimbi noma izinhlanganisela ezinesimo sezulu esiqinile. Ngasikhathi sinye, imiklamo yokuvikela emanzini, othulini, nokugqwala nayo ibaluleke kakhulu.

I-socket yokushaja ifana "nokungena kwamandla" ezimotweni zikagesi. Abaklami kufanele bacabange ngezinto eziningi ngesikhathi somklamo wayo.

Okokuqala, isokhethi kufanele ikwazi "ukubona" isikhombimsebenzisi sokushaja samamodeli ezimoto ahlukahlukene, njengoba nje izipulaki nezokhethi ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke kudingeka zihambisane. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zezimoto ze-EV, futhi izikhombimsebenzisi zazo zokushaja zingahluka. Ngakho-ke, lesi sokhethi sokushaja kufanele sibe "isokhethi yomhlaba wonke" esisekela izindinganiso eziningi zokushaja, njenge-CHAdeMO, i-CCS, i-Type 2 AC, njll.

Okwesibili, isokhethi kufanele ibe lula ukuyisebenzisa. Cabanga ukuthi kungaba yinkinga kangakanani uma isokhethi kunzima ukuyifaka noma ukuyikhipha. Abaklami kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi isokhethi kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuphepha kuyinto ehamba phambili. Isokhethi yokushaja kufanele ibe nomsebenzi wokuzivalela, njengokufaka i-"lukhiye lokuphepha" kusokhethi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhipha ngengozi. Kufanele futhi ihlinzekwe ngomshini wokuvikela, ofana nokugqokisa i-"vesti elingazinzisi izinhlamvu" ukuze kuvikelwe ezimweni ezingalindelekile ngesikhathi sokushaja futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kukagesi.

Ngokuphetha, lesi sokhethi sokushaja sisebenza njenge-"umsizi oseduze" wezimoto zikagesi, okuhlakaniphile futhi okuthembekile ukuze kwenziwe inqubo yokushaja ibe lula futhi iphephe.

Uhlelo lokupholisa: Ukushisa kungase kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokushaja, ngakho-ke uhlelo olusebenzayo lokupholisa kudingeka luklanywe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza nokuphepha kwemishini. Lokhu kungafaka abalandeli, izinto zokupholisa, njll.

Uhlelo lokusabalalisa amandla: Kudingeka uhlelo olufanele lokusabalalisa amandla luklanywe ngaphakathi kwesikhwama sokushaja ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusabalala kwamandla okulinganayo lapho izindawo eziningi zokushaja zisebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi kuvinjelwe ukugcwala kukagesi.

Umklamo wokuphepha: Izikhwama zokushaja kudingeka zicabangele ukuphepha kwabasebenzisi, okuhlanganisa umklamo wokuvikela ugesi, ukuphepha komlilo, ukuvikelwa komlilo, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhwama zokushaja kufanele futhi zibe nemisebenzi yokuphepha njengokuvikela ukugcwala, ukuvikelwa kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokuvikela okufushane.

Uhlelo lwe-elektroniki oluhlakaniphile: Ukuthuthukisa izinga lobuhlakani bezikhwama zokushaja, kudingeka kufakwe izinhlelo ze-elektroniki ezithuthukile, okuhlanganisa ukuhlonza umsebenzisi, izinhlelo zokukhokha, ukuqapha okukude kanye nemisebenzi yokuthola amaphutha.

Uhlelo lokuphatha izintambo: Ukuphathwa kwezintambo zokushaja kuyiphuzu elibalulekile ekwakhiweni. Izindaba ezifana nokugcinwa kwezintambo, ukungangeni kwamanzi, ukuvimbela ukwebiwa nokulungiswa kalula kudingeka kucatshangelwe.

Ukulungiseka: Ngenxa yokuthi izikhundla zokushaja zivame ukusebenza isikhathi eside, ukulungiswa kalula kuyisici esibalulekile ekwakhiweni. Ukwakhiwa okuyimoduli nokuqapha amaphutha ukude kungathuthukisa ukulungiseka kwezikhundla zokushaja.

Izikhundla zokushaja esikhuluma ngazo manje akufanele zibe lula kithi ukushaja izimoto zikagesi, kodwa futhi kufanele zibe "ochwepheshe abanobungani nemvelo".

Njengoba sikhuthaza ukonga amanzi nogesi empilweni yansuku zonke, izindawo zokushaja kufanele futhi zenzelwe ukonga amandla nokuvikela imvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, kungasetshenziswa imishini ethile yokonga amandla ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphaneli elanga angahlanganiswa phezulu kwesikhwama sokushaja, njengokubeka "isigqoko selanga" kuso. Lokhu kuvumela isikhwama sokushaja ukuthi sisebenzise amandla elanga ukuzishaja, kunciphisa ukuncika kwaso kumafutha ezinsalela ezifana namalahle namafutha.

Le mklamo kudingeka icatshangelwe ngokucophelela kusukela ekubukeni kuya ohlelweni lwangaphakathi lwesikhwama sokushaja. Ngale ndlela, isikhwama sokushaja singakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokushaja ezilula, kodwa futhi siqinisekise ukusetshenziswa kwethu ugesi ngokuphepha nangokuqina, futhi kulula ukusinakekela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubungani bayo nemvelo buhlinzeka ngomnikelo ekuvikelweni komhlaba wethu.

Sibheke phambili, izikhwama zokushaja ezihlakaniphile nezinganaki imvelo zizothuthukisa izimpilo zethu.