Thatha iChina njengomfanekiso, izinga lokungena kwemoto ezintsha zamandla (NEVs) lidlule ku-50% eminyakeni elandelanayo, futhi umkhakha wezinsiza zokushaja udlula emncintiswaneni ongenakuphikiswa. Kusukela ezindaweni ezisemqoka zebhizinisi emadolobheni akhulu kuya eGobi Desert enyakatho-ntshonalanga, kusukela ezinsizeni eziphethwe uhulumeni ophakathi kuya kumkhakha wezokutshala, zonke izinhlangothi zisebenza emncintiswaneni omkhulu mayelana nezindlela zobuchwepheshe, ingxenye yemakethe, nezimodeli zebhizinisi.

Ngokombono wokutshalwa kwezimali nezimboni, le ndatshana iveza umqondo wokutshalwa kwezimali ngemuva kokukhula okusheshayo kwemboni ye-charging pile. Ubuchwepheshe bokushaja obuphakeme bokushaja ngokushesha kulindeleke ukuthi bube yindlela ejwayelekile yemakethe ye-charging pile esikhathini esizayo. Ngokushesha kokuphindaphinda kobuchwepheshe be-Supercharging kanye nokungena kwezimali ezinkulu zezimboni, imboni iyashesha ukuhlanganiswa kwayo, futhi izinkampani ezincane nezaphakathi zibhekene nengcindezi yokuthengwa noma ukuphuma emakethe. Ukuphindaphindwa kobuchwepheshe, izimakethe ezincane nezaphakathi ezizindaweni ezincane, kanye nokuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe kuyizindlela ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kwezinkampani ze-charging pile.

Muva nje, umkhakha wezikhungo zokushaja ube yinto ebalulekile emakethe yezezimali. Ukukhuthazwa kwe-BYD kwe "10C technology" kanye nokwakhiwa okukhulu kwezikhungo zokushaja ezinkulu, izitoko eziningi zomqondo wezikhungo zokushaja zikhuphukile kakhulu. Kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka, i-Wind Charging Pile Index ikhuphukile ngaphezu kuka-29%.

Emaketheleni, izinkampani ezifana neHuawei, iLi Auto, iXPeng, neXiaomi zonke zikhulume ngezinhlelo zokwakha izikhala zokushaja ezisheshayo kakhulu ngobukhulu. Ng cada, zizamela ukuthola abasebenzisi abaningi emakethe yezikhala zokushaja ngokusebenzisa ukuhamba phambili kwezobuchwepheshe. Ukuncintisana ngezindlela zobuchwepheshe phakathi kwezinkampani ezahlukene kusebenze njengokusheshisa "ukuguqulwa kokwengeza amandla" okusha.

Thatha iShenzhen, eChina, njengomzekelo, efuna ukwakha "idolobha elinamandla". Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi iShenzhen isakhe futhi ifake ukusebenza iziteshi ezingu-1,002 zokushaja ezinamandla kanye nezinsika zokushaja ezingaphezu kwe-410,000, yaba yidolobha lokuqala emhlabeni ukufinyelela inani lamazwe omhlaba leziteshi zokushaja ezinamandla nezikhala zokushaja ezedlula iziteshi zegesi nezikhala zegesi.

"Abanikazi bezimoto bangaqedela ukushaja ngesikhathi esithathwa ukushohlwa ikhofi." E-"PV-ESS-Supercharging-Vehicle-Grid Interaction" isikhungo sokubonisa esihlanganisiwe eBijiashan Park eShenzhen, sibone ukuthi isiteshi sokushaja sithumele ama-supercharging hosts angu-3 aphelele anokupholisa ngamanzi, ahlome ngama-supercharging guns angu-6 aphelele nokushaja okusheshayo, ama-guns angu-22, imikhiqizo yokugcina amandla emibili, kanye nezindawo zokupaka ze-PV, kanye nesiteshi sekhofi.

"I-High-voltage fast charging technology ilindeleke ukuba ibe yindlela ejwayelekile emakethe ye-charging pile esikhathini esizayo." kusho umphathi we-Cathay Smart Car Fund. I-Ultra-fast charging ikakhulukazi inezindlela ezimbili zobuchwepheshe: i-high current ne-high voltage. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-high-voltage bunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, buphucule impilo yebhethri, bunciphise isisindo, futhi bonga isikhala, bunemikhawulo ecacile uma kuqhathaniswa futhi kulindeleke ukuba kube yitrendi ejwayelekile esikhathini esizayo.

"Uhlelo lwezinkampani ezihamba phambili ze-NEV eChina luhlanganisa ukwakha izikhala zokushaja ezisheshayo. I-essence yokushaja okusheshayo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokwengeza amandla nokwandisa isipiliyoni somthengi." kusho abasebenzi bokutshala izimali nokuqhuba ucwaningo beDebon Fund. Okwamanje kukhona izindlela ezimbili zobuchwepheshe emakethe: ukushaja nokushintsha ibhethri, kodwa ngokombono wenani eliphelele lama-EV, ukushaja sekube yindlela ejwayelekile yokwengeza amandla. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezinsiza, ukushaja kuzoveza izinzuzo ezicacile uma kuqhathaniswa nokushintsha ibhethri mayelana nokwamukelwa nokwamukelwa komsebenzisi.

UTesla waba yisibonelo sokuqala sokwakha iziteshi zokushaja ezisheshayo ezweni lonke. Eminyakeni yamuva, i-BYD, i-XPeng, kanye ne-Li Auto bonke baqale ukukhuthaza ukushaja okusheshayo okungaphezu kwe-5C. Iningi lempahla yokushaja esheshayo emakethe linamandla angama-120-240kW, kanti ukushaja okusheshayo okungaphezu kwe-5C kunamandla angaphezu kwe-500kW, okungashaja ngokuphelele imoto phakathi kwemizuzu engama-20, futhi kunezidingo eziphakeme kumamojula wamandla okushaja.

Ultra-high voltage fast-charging and battery swapping have their own advantages and disadvantages. It is estimated that it will be a protracted battle, and in the end, it will still be a competition of comprehensive capabilities, such as the degree of coordination between vehicles and charging piles, the speed of power grid transformation, and battery standardization. The rapid increase in NEV penetration rate may force charging piles to upgrade their power and further differentiate charging scenarios: home charging piles must be economical, while public charging piles must "quench thirst". On the supply side, the increase in utilization makes a profit turnaround imminent, which will also accelerate the elimination of inferior production capacity.

Okwamanje, kunezinkampani eziningi ezakha futhi zisebenza ezikhumulweni zokushaja emakethe yaseShayina, ezingahlukaniswa ngokuqondile zibe yizimbangi ezintathu phakathi kwezokwakha eziphethwe uhulumeni, izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimoto, kanye nabaphathi besithathu. Izinkampani ezifana nePetroChina neState Grid zisebenzisa amanethiwekhi wamandla ukuze zithole ithuba; amabhizinisi afana neHuawei neXPeng abopha abasebenzisi ngama-ecological closed loops; kanti abaphathi besithathu bakha izithiyo ngezimali ezinkulu.

Ngenxa yokuthi umkhawulo wokungena uphansi, izinkampani ezincane nezaphakathi zokuqala ziyaqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza emadolobheni amancane naphakathi. Imakethe ye-charging pile isungule umkhuba wokuncintisana phakathi kwezinkampani eziyizinkulungwane, futhi kukhona ukuncintisana okukhulu kakhulu.

Ngokwezibalo ezivela ku-China Charging Alliance, iChina yayineziqhumane zokushaja zomphakathi eziyi-3.58 million kanye neziqhumane zokushaja ezizimele eziyi-9.24 million ngo-2024. Nokho, inani leziqhumane zokushaja zomphakathi ezintsha ngo-2024 lalingu-850,000, okukhombisa ukuhamba kancane okukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga lokukhula elingu-43% ngonyaka ngo-2023, okuholele ekwehleni kwamanani wemikhiqizo yeziqhumane zokushaja nokuletha ingcindezi yokwenza inzuzo kubakhiqizi.

"Ukusebenza kwepali yokushaja kuyibhizinisi elidinga imali eningi. Emazingeni okuqala okuthuthukiswa kwe-EV, amazinga okusetshenziswa ayebuphansi futhi inzuzo ibingaphansi. Eminyakeni edlule, ngokwanda kwenani le-EVs, abaphathi abahamba phambili baqale ukwenza inzuzo. Izinkampani ezithuthukisiwe zinezindawo ezinhle, zisebenzisa izindawo ezingcono, futhi zinezithuthi eziningi. Okwamanje, umqondo wabaphathi bepali yokushaja usuzinzile. Ngokusho kwe-China Charging Alliance, kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2025, abaphathi abane bepali yokushaja yomphakathi eChina babambe isabelo semakethe esihlanganisiwe esingu-58%, ngokubukeka kokuncintisana okuphambene."

"Umkhawulo wamanje wokungena emakethe ye-charging pile uphansi, futhi ukuncintisana emakethe kuphakathi kokuba kubi. Kusukela ekwenzeni imishini ephezulu kuya ezikhungweni zokushaja ezisezingeni eliphansi, wonke umkhankaso udonse abahlanganyeli abaningi." kusho abantu bokutshala izimali nokuqonda okuvela kuDebon Fund. Kulolu hlobo lwemakethe, izinkampani ezinekhono eliyinhloko ekwakhiweni kobuchwepheshe, izinga lempilo yokusebenza, kanye nokusebenza kahle kuzokwazi ukuthola izinzuzo ezinkulu kanye nezinzuzo ekuthuthukiseni okuqhubekayo kwemakethe ye-charging pile.

Umphathi wezimali weNord Fund uthe okokuqala, abanye abaphathi bezinsiza abakhulu baphatha "ukugcwalisa + ukushaja" iziteshi zamandla ezihlanganisiwe ngokusekelwe kunethiwekhi yeziteshi zokugcwalisa, njengeState Grid, enezinzuzo ekuphathweni kwenethiwekhi nasekushajeni okusheshayo komphakathi. Okwesibili, abaphathi abahola phambili baqhubeka nokuhola emakethe yokushaja yomphakathi ngamakhono abo okusebenza akhulu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwedatha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto bathuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi ngokwakha inethiwekhi yabo yokushaja ephezulu, engabopha abasebenzisi, njengezixazululo zokushintsha ibhethri + izixazululo zokushaja eziphezulu.

Kukholelwa ukuthi izinkampani ezinamakhono aqinile okucwaninga nokuthuthukisa, ezinamandla okusebenza kahle kwezindleko, kanye nezinsizakalo eziphelele zokweseka kulindeleke ukuthi zibe nezinzuzo ezinkulu ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu kwezinsika zokushaja. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkampani ezinamakhono aqinile okucwaninga nokuthuthukisa kulindeleke ukuthi zihole imigomo yezezimboni futhi zithole inzuzo yokuba phambili; ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkampani ezinamathuba okukhula kanye nezinzuzo zezindleko emakethe ezithuthukayo ezifana nezifunda zisengaphambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsika zokushaja zinezakhiwo ezihlobene nezinsiza zomphakathi kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe, futhi izinsizakalo zazo zokuphila ngokuphelele ziba zibaluleke kakhulu kumuzwa womsebenzisi, zithinta ngqo isinqumo sokuthenga somsebenzisi. Ezinye izinkampani kulindeleke ukuthi zithole izinzuzo zokuncintisana ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu kwezinsika zokushaja ezinezinsizakalo eziphelele zokweseka.

"Uhlobo lwezinkampani ezintathu lungaphumelela esikhathini esizayo: ezibheke kwezobuchwepheshe, ezibheke osayizi, kanye nezibheke kumphakathi. Izinkampani ezibheke kwezobuchwepheshe zinezingqinamba zobuchwepheshe ezifana nokushaja okusheshayo okuphezulu kanye nokuxhumana kwezimoto nezinhlelo; abadlali abakhuluma osayizi bathola inzuzo yokwabelana emakethe ephezulu kanye nezisekelo ezinkulu zabasebenzisi ukuze banciphise izindleko, bakhe umnotho wezilinganiso, futhi benze indawo yokwenza inzuzo; izinkampani ezibheke kumphakathi ziyiwo ahamba phambili anezixazululo ezihlanganisiwe ezivela ezimotweni ziye ezindaweni zokushaja, iziteshi, futhi ngisho nasezinhlelweni zamafu, ezisebenzisa izinsizakalo ukuze "zihlanganise" abanikazi bezimoto ngokuqinile futhi zithole imbuyiselo eyengeziwe ngokusebenzisa ukugxila kwabantu."

Abaphathi bezimali abaningi baveze ukuthi ukuhamba phambili kwezobuchwepheshe nokuthunyelwa phesheya kungase kube yizindlela ezimbili ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa kwenkampani yeziqhumane zokushaja esikhathini esizayo.

Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kunezindawo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhula embonini esikhathini esizayo. Omunye uwukuthuthukiswa kokushaja okusheshayo: ukuze kuthuthukiswe ulwazi lokushaja kwe-EVs, abakhiqizi bezimoto sebegqokile imodeli yokushaja okusheshayo ye-5-10C, okwandise kakhulu amandla ezikhwama zokushaja, kanye nobunzima bokukhiqiza nezindleko zomkhiqizo. Okwesibili ukuhweba ezimakethe ezikhulayo: esikhathini esedlule, ukuhweba kwezikhwama zokushaja ezimakethe zaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika sekuqinisekisiwe kancane kancane, kuyilapho ukuthuthukiswa kwe-EV ezimakethe ezikhulayo ezifana neNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, iMiddle East, kanye neNingizimu Melika kuhleli emuva, futhi zisesimweni sokuphahlazeka kwenani lokungena, lapho isidingo sezikhwama zokushaja singase sibe nokukhula okusheshayo.

Ochwepheshe baphinde baphawula ukuthi ithuba lokukhula lokuqala yizinguquko zobuchwepheshe. Abasebenzisi banemfuneko ethuthukile yokushaja, futhi ukushaja okusheshayo (njengama-800V aphezulu-njengama-platforms kanye nobuchwepheshe bokupholisa ngamanzi) kungase kube yindlela ejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ezimeni ezinamathrafikhi aphezulu njengezindlela ezinkulu nezindawo ezisemqoka zedolobha. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-PV-ESS-Charging kunganciphisa ingcindezi kwi-grid kagesi futhi kwehlise izindleko zikagesi, kufanelekile ezimeni ezifana nezindawo zezimboni nezakhiwo zokuhweba.

Okwesibili ukukhula okulethelwe ukungena kwemakethe ephansi. Izinga lokumboza kwemithombo yokushaja emadolobheni nasemaphandleni wesigaba sesithathu nesesine liphansi, okungase kube yindawo yokukhula ehlanganiswe nezinsiza zezimali kanye nokwandiswa kwe-NEVs ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasemaphandleni.

Ekugcineni, ukwandiswa kwemakethe yangaphandle kungenzeka kube nezindlela zokukhula. Ukwakhiwa kwamapayipi okushaja eYurophu naseMelika kuhluleka, futhi izinkampani zaseShayina zinezinzuzo ezithile zokukhiqiza izinsiza kanye nolwazi lokusebenza.

Okokuqala, kuncike ekuphumeleleni kwemigomo. Okwesibili, kuncike emandleni aphansi. Okwamanje, ubudlelwano bezimoto kuya kumapayipi buphakathi kuka-2.5:1, kusasele kude kakhulu nobudlelwano obufaneleka buka-1:1. Njengoba inani lezi zimoto ezisebenza ngogesi liqhubeka nokukhula, kulindeleke ukuthi isidingo sibe sithule. Okwesithathu, kuncike esimweni emakethe zangaphandle: umgomo wamanje wezimoto kuya kumapayipi mkhulu kakhulu kuneChina, unamazinga aphezulu entengo kanye nezinga lokuwina. Okwesine, kuncike ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe: intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokushaja okuphezulu, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-PV-ESS-Charging, njll., kulindeleke futhi ukuthi kukhuthaze isidingo samapayipi okushaja.

"Ukukhula kwemakethe ye-charging pile kushintshele ekuthatheni umhlaba kuya ekulimaleni okukhulu, futhi kusuka kubaphathi bamandla kuya kumarhasi wamandla. Ukuqhamuka kwezobuchwepheshe ekusheshiseni nasekudluliseni izimo, kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kwezinhlelo zamandla (njengokubamba iqhaza ezitsheni zamandla ezivirtual), kungase kulethe isikhala sokukhula okwengeziwe," kusho abanye abahlaziyi.

Njengoba ukusheshiswa kancane kancane kufaka izixeko ezisemqoka zaseShayina, imakethe ephansi ezixekweni ezincane nezimaphakathi nayo isibe yizindawo ezibalulekile zokulwa kwazo zonke izinhlangothi. Okokuqala, isidingo esiphelele sikhuphukile: ama-pile okushaja asevele athandwa ngokushesha ezixekweni ezisemqoka nezisemaphakathi ezandleni ezandayo, futhi asehamba phansi ezixekweni eziphansi. Ngasikhathi sinye, isidingo sinezici ezicacile zokwakheka: ukuphakama kwesibalo samakhaya ezimoto kuphakamisa isidingo sokushaja kancane emiphakathini nasezindaweni zokugcina; izimoto zokuhamba nezokuthutha zikhuthaze ukujula kwezindawo zokushaja ezisheshayo ezixekweni. Ngaleso sikhathi, ingcindezi yokuphinda ibuyekezwe kwezobuchwepheshe iphakeme: amandla ebhethri ezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ngokuvamile adlula i-80kWh, okwenza kube nesidingo sokuphucula amandla ama-pile okushaja ukusuka ku-60kW kuya ku-180kW+, futhi imishini endala ingase ibhekane nokususa. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezimboni kuyashesha, futhi abakhiqizi abancane nabaphakathi bangase bathengwe futhi bahlanganiswe noma baphume, ekugcineni kwakha umqondo wokuncintisana okungamaphesheya "platform kazwelonke + umholi wesifunda".