Kwadalwa ngo 02.05

Isiqondiso Samazinga Omhlaba Wonke Okushaja Ama-EV: Uhlobo 1, Uhlobo 2, CCS, CHAdeMO, GB/T

Imboni yezimoto zikagesi (EV) iyachuma, kusukela emigwaqweni emikhulu yaseYurophu kuya ezindaweni ezikhula ngokushesha eNingizimu-mpumalanga nase-Central Asia. Kodwa-ke, kubanikazi abaningi abasha namabhizinisi kulezi zifunda, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamalokhi okushaja zingadida. Ngokungafani nokugcwalisa ithangi likaphethiloli, ukuxhuma i-EV kudinga ukufanisa izinga elifanele nemoto efanele.

Lo mhlahlandlela usika umsindo wezobuchwepheshe ukuze uchaze izikhombimsebenzisi eziyinhloko ezilawula izimakethe zaseYurophu neze-Asia: Uhlobo 1, Uhlobo 2, CCS, CHAdeMO, kanye ne-GB/T. Noma ngabe uphatha imikhumbi eMiddle East, ufake "infrastructure" eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, noma ushayela e-EU, ukuqonda lezi zindinganiso kuyisihluthulelo sokuba nolwazi olubushelelezi.Ukushaja kwe-MG  infrastructure eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, noma ushayela e-EU, ukuqonda lezi zindinganiso kuyisihluthulelo sokuba nolwazi olubushelelezi.

Imoto kagesi yesimanje exhunyiwe esiteshini sokushaja se-MG, ibonisa ukuhlukahluka kwezindinganiso ezijwayelekile zomhlaba wonke zokuxhuma okuhlanganisa nezinqubomgomo ze-Type 1, Type 2, CCS, CHAdeMO, kanye ne-GB/T.

Ukuvela Kwezindinganiso Zokushaja E-Eurasia

Ekuqaleni kwezimoto zikagesimende, ukuhlukana kwakuyisithiyo esikhulu. Abakhiqizi abahlukene bakhethe izinhlelo zabo, bakha "ukwesaba ngesivinini". Kodwa-ke, njengoba izimakethe ze-EV eYurophu nase-Asia sezikhulile, sibone umzamo omkhulu wokulinganisa. 

Izindawo zokushaja zanamuhla zihlakaniphile. Ziphatha ukuphepha okuphezulu kwamandla, ziqaphe impilo yebhethri, futhi ziphathe ukucubungula idatha. Ezimakethe zaseCentral Asia, Middle East, naseSoutheast Asia, umkhuba uya ngokuya uhambisana namazinga aseYurophu (IEC), udala uhlelo lokushaja oluhlanganisiwe olwenza lula ukuhamba kwezindawo eziningi kanye nentuthuko yengqalasizinda.

Ukuqonda i-MG Charging: Amazinga Namandla Okusebenza

Ngaphambi kokubheka ukuma kwamalunga, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukulethwa kwamandla, ikakhulukazi ngaphakathi kombhalo we-230V/400V amagridi ajwayelekile kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-Asia.Ukushaja kwe-MGubuchwepheshe buklanyelwe ukuba busebenze ngezindlela eziningi, busekela izidingo zamandla ezithile zezifunda lezi.

Ngokuvamile, ukushaja kuhlukaniswa emazingeni amathathu:

Ukushaja Kwasekhaya kwe-AC (Kancane): Ukusebenzisa iphuzu lamandla lasekhaya elijwayelekile (ngokuvamile 220-240V eYurophu nase-Asia). Lokhu kulunge kakhulu ukugcwalisa ubusuku bonke.
Ukushaja Kwesidlangalala/i-Wallbox ye-AC (Ngokushesha): ukusebenzisa iziteshi ezizinikezele ezixhunywe emandleni kagesi amathathu. Lokhu kulinganisa isivinini nokusebenza kahle, kwenze kube yindinganiso yamakhaya, amahhovisi, nezindawo zokupaka zomphakathi kusuka eBerlin kuya eBangkok.
Ukushaja Okusheshayo kwe-DC: Lokhu kudlula isiguquli esisemotweni ukuze sifake ugesi ngqo ebhethri. Kubalulekile ohambweni lomgwaqo omkhulu, okwazi ukugcwalisa ama-EV amaningi esimanjemanje kuya ku-80% ngemizuzu engu-20-40.

Ukuqhathanisa Okusheshayo:

Imodi Yokushaja	Isilinganiso Samandla	Isicelo Esivamile
AC Yasekhaya	2.0 kW - 3.0 kW	Ukuphuthuma / Ubusuku Bonke (Ekhaya)
I-AC Esheshayo	7 kW - 22 kW	Izinga Lezinga Lokujikeleza (Ekhaya/Ihhovisi/Isikhungo)
I-DC Rapid	50 kW - 350+ kW	Izitobhi Zomgwaqo Omkhulu / Izikhungo Zemikhumbi

Uhlobo 1 (J1772) Izinga Lokushaja

Noma ngabe ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezimoto zikagesi zakuqala, isixhumi soHlobo 1 (SAE J1772) sihlala sibalulekile ikakhulukazi ngenxa yethonya labakhiqizi bezimoto baseJapane e-Asia.

Umklamo Nombhalo

Uhlobo 1 luyisixhumi esisodwa esine-phase esine-layout yezikhonkwane ezinhlanu. Kwakuyizinga elihamba phambili ezimotweni zikagesi zaseJapane zakuqala.

Imikhawulo: Yakhelwe ngokukhethekile amandla esigaba esisodwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ayikwazi ukuzuza kumagridi amathathu-phase atholakala kabanzi eYurophu nasezindaweni eziningi zase-Asia, okukhawulela isivinini sayo esiphezulu sokushaja uma siqhathaniswa namazinga amasha.
Isimo Samanje: Sitholakala kakhulu kumamodeli amadala noma izimemo ezithile zaseJapane (njengamamodeli okuqala eNissan noma iMitsubishi). Ezingxenyeni eziningi zaseYurophu kanye nezimakethe ezintsha zase-Asia, kukhishwa kancane kancane kulandela Uhlobo 2.

Ukuze uthole umlando obanzi wokuthi la maxhuma enziwa kanjani, InsideEVs inikeza umongo omuhle ngokushintsha komkhakha.

Izinga Lokushaja Le-Type 2 (Mennekes)

I-Type 2 connector (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "Mennekes") iyinkosi engaphikiswa yokushaja kwe-AC kulo lonke elaseYurophu, futhi ngokwanda, yizinga elikhethwayo eMiddle East, Central Asia, naseSoutheast Asia.

Ukukhethwa kwe-Euro-Asia

Kungani i-Type 2 ibaluleke kangaka kulezi zifunda? Impendulo isezingeni.

Amandla Esigaba Esithathu: Ngokungafani ne-Type 1, i-Type 2 plug inezikhonkwane eziyisikhombisa, ezivumela ukuthi isekele amandla esigaba esithathu. Lokhu kubalulekile ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano nasezindaweni zomphakathi eYurophu nase-Asia, okuvumela izivinini zokushaja ezifinyelela ku-22 kW (noma ngisho no-43 kW) ngaphandle kokudinga imishini ye-DC enkulu.
Ukuhambisana Okujwayelekile: Kusukela esiteshini sokushaja somphakathi eDubai kuya esikhungweni sokuthenga eSingapore, isokhethi ozohlangana nayo cishe ngokuqinisekile iyisokhethi ye-Type 2.

Ukutholwa Ngokufingqiwe:

I-Europe: Kuyalwe ngumthetho.
I-Southeast Asia: Kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokwakhiwa okusha (isib. iThailand, iSingapore, iMalaysia).
IMpumalanga Ephakathi: Kwamukelwe kabanzi ukuze kuhambisane nezimoto zikanokusho zaseYurophu ezilethwa.

Umdwebo ocebile futhi ongokoqobo we-Type 2 Mennekes Charging Standard connector enezikhonkwane ezibonakalayo, ubekwe ngemuva kwesiteshi sokushaja samanje esihle esinobuso bendawo yedolobha esinemoto kagesi exhunyiwe.

I-Combined Charging System (CCS) Standard

Njengoba osayizi bebhethri bekhula, isidingo sokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC saba ngesiphuthu. Kungeniswa i-Combined Charging System (CCS). Ezimakethe esiziqondise kuzo, sibhekisela ikakhulukazi ku-CCS Combo 2.

I-CCS Combo 2: I-Global Standard (Ngaphandle kweN. America)

I-CCS Combo 2 ihle ngobulula bayo. Ithatha i-Type 2 plug ejwayelekile eshiwo ngenhla bese yengeza izikhonkwane ezimbili ezinkulu ze-DC ngezansi.

I-Port Eyodwa, Imisebenzi Emibili: Abashayeli bangasebenzisa ingxenye engenhla yokushaja kwe-AC nsuku zonke ekhaya kanye ne-port ephelele yokushaja kwe-DC okusheshayo emgwaqweni omkhulu.
Amandla Aphezulu: Ukusekela izivinini kusuka ku-50 kW kuya ku-350 kW, i-CCS2 iyisisekelo sohambo olude lwe-EV.

Ukuphakama Kwesifunda:

Uma uhamba imoto engelona-Tesla yaseYurophu noma yase-Asia (ngaphandle kweChina) eYurophu, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, noma eNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia, i-CCS2 iyisilinganiso sakho. Kuyinxenye ethusayo ethunyelwe ngababusi baseYurophu futhi isetshenziswa ngokuzithandela yizizwe eziningi zase-Asia (ngaphandle kweChina/Japan) ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezinkundla zemoto zomhlaba.

Iphuzu ngeTesla: Ukuzivumelanisa nemakethe

Ungazibuza, "I-Tesla ifika kuphi?" Ngenkathi iTesla isebenzisa i-NACS connector yayo eNyakatho Melika, izivumelanisa nezindinganiso zendawo kwenye indawo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhamba kalula.

EYurophu & eMpumalanga Ephakathi: Izimoto zeTesla zifakwe ama-port e-Type 2 (okwe-AC) kanye ne-CCS2 (okwe-DC), okuvumela ukuthi zisebenzise lezi zinsiza zomphakathi ezifanayo nazo zonke abanye.
E-China: Imodeli zeTesla zineziqeshana ze-GB/T ukuze zihambisane nezindinganiso zendawo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma usebenza esiteshini sokushaja kulezi zindawo ezine-hardware ejwayelekile ye-Type 2/CCS2, ungasebenza nabashayeli beTesla ngaphandle kokufuna imishini ekhethekile.

CHAdeMO ne GB/T Izindinganiso

Ngenkathi iYurophu ne "Western-aligned" imakethe yase-Asia ziqondisa ku-CCS2, iMpumalanga Asia ithembele kumagoli amabili: CHAdeMO ne GB/T. Ngokubheka ivolumu yokuthumela ngaphandle kulezi zizwe, lezi zindinganiso zibalulekile ukuqonda.

CHAdeMO: Iphayona laseJapane

Ivela eJapane, i-CHAdeMO iyinqubo yokushaja esheshayo ye-DC. Ngokwehlukile ku-CCS, ehlanganisa i-AC/DC, i-CHAdeMO isebenzisa iphothi eyodwa.

Isici Esiyinhloko: Yayingumshayeli ku-Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) ubuchwepheshe, ivumela imoto ukuthi iphakele ikhaya ngesikhathi sokungazinzile kwegridi.
Ubukhona Bemakethe: Ngenkathi i-CCS2 ithola indawo emhlabeni jikelele, i-CHAdeMO isaqhubeka ibonakala eJapane futhi isasekelwa yesisekelo esibanzi eMpumalanga Asia ngenxa yevolumu ephezulu yokungeniswa kwezimoto ezisetshenzisiwe zaseJapane.

GB/T: Iphakethe laseShayina

I-China iyimakethe enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yamaloli kagesi (EVs), esebenza ngendlela yayo kazwelonke: i-GB/T. Ngenxa yokuthi i-China ikhiqiza kakhulu amaloli kagesi ayiswa e-Central Asia nase-Middle East, i-i-GB/T connectoriyinto ejwayelekile ukuyibona kulezi zifunda.

Izimbobo Ezimbili: Amaloli kagesi aseShayina avame ukuba nezimbobo ezimbili ezihlukene ze-GB/T—enye ye-AC nenye ye-DC.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-"ChaoJi" (Ukubheka Ikusasa): Onjiniyela abavela e-China nase-Japan bayasebenzisana endleleni entsha ezobizwa nge-"ChaoJi".

Isikhathi: Njengamanje isezigabeni eziphambili zokuhlola, kulindeleke ukuthi isakazwe kabanzi phakathi no-2020s.
Umthelela: Ihlose amandla aphezulu kakhulu (afika ku-900 kW) ezithuthi ezisindayo kanye nokushaja okusheshayo kwezimoto zabagibeli.
Ukuhambisana: Okubalulekile, isixhumi se-ChaoJi senzelwe ukuthi sihambisane nezimoto ezikhona ze-GB/T ne-CHAdeMO ngama-adaptha, siqinisekisa ukuthi izimali ezingqalasizinda zamanje ngeke ziphelelwe isikhathi ngokushesha.

Imephu Yomhlaba Wonke Yokwamukelwa Kwezinga Lokushaja (Ukugxila E-Europe-Asia)

Ukubonisa isimo sezinto ezindaweni zethu ezibalulekile:

Isifunda	Izinga Eliyinhloko le-AC	Izinga Eliyinhloko le-DC
I-Europe	Uhlobo 2	I-CCS Combo 2
INingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia	Uhlobo 2	I-CCS Combo 2 (Iyakhula ngokushesha) / I-CHAdeMO (Eyindala)
INyakatho Ephakathi	Uhlobo 2	I-CCS Combo 2 / GB/T (Izimpahla ezithile ezingenisiwe)
I-Asia Ephakathi	Uhlobo 2 / GB/T	I-CCS Combo 2 / GB/T
I-China	I-GB/T	I-GB/T
I-Japan	Uhlobo 1	I-CHAdeMO

Ezinkampanini nabashayeli eCentral Asia naseMiddle East, ukwanda kwezimoto zaseShayina kusho ukuthi sibona imvelo "enamazinga amabili" lapho kudingeka khona iziteshi ze-CCS2 neze-GB/T.

Ukuhambisana Nezixazululo

Ukuzulazula esifundeni esinezindinganiso ezixubile—njengeCentral Asia noma imizila yomngcele phakathi kweChina neSoutheast Asia—kungaba nzima. Nansi indlela yokubhekana nokungahambisani kwezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha:

Izixazululo Zokushaja ze-AC (Uhlobo 1 kuya Kuhlobo 2): Lesi yisimo esivamile kakhulu kulabo abangenisa izimoto ezisetshenzisiwe zaseJapane (Uhlobo 1) ezifundeni lapho kuhamba khona Uhlobo 2 (njenge-UAE noma iThailand).

Isixazululo: I-adaptha elula engasebenzi (uhlangothi lwemoto Uhlobo 1 -> uhlangothi lwesiteshi Uhlobo 2) isebenza kahle kakhulu. Ingabizi futhi incane.

Izinselelo Zokushaja ze-DC (CCS2 vs. GB/T): Ama-adaptha e-DC ayinkimbinkimbi ngoba izindlela zokuxhumana ziyahlukahluka.

Isixazululo: Ama-adaptha asebenzayo (isibonelo, Isiteshi se-CCS2 kuya Emotweni ye-GB/T) ayatholakala kodwa ayinkulu kakhulu futhi abiza kakhulu kunama-adaptha e-AC.
Ithiphu Eliwusizo: Kubashayeli bezimoto ezinkampanini, sincome ukuthi izimoto zihlonyiswe ngesikhumulo esakhelwe isifunda sakho ukuze kugwenywe ukuncika kumalungiselelo, angadala izinkinga ngesikhathi samaseshini anamandla aphezulu.

Izincomo Zamasu Kubasebenzisi Abahlukene

Ukwenza ukukhetha okulungile kuncike endimeni yakho ohlelweni lwe-EV. Nansi i-umbono wethu osuselwe kumathrendi akamuva ase-Euro-Asia:

Kubathengi Abazimele: Ngaphambi kokuthumela imoto (isibonelo, ukusuka eJapane noma e-USA kuya eCentral Asia), hlola inethiwekhi yokushaja yendawo. Uma uthenga imoto Uhlobo 1 esifundeni Uhlobo 2, qiniseka ukuthi uthenga ilungiselelo elisezingeni eliphezulu ngokushesha, njengoba iziteshi zomphakathi zingeke zibe nezintambo ezizofanelana nemoto yakho.
Kubashayeli Bezimoto Ezinkulu: Ukuba namazinga afanayo kubalulekile ekunciphiseni isikhathi lapho izimoto zingasebenzi. Uma usebenza ngezokuthutha ezihamba amazwe (isibonelo, ukusuka eChina ukuya eKazakhstan), cabanga ngezimoto ezineziphetho ezimbili noma utshale imali kumayunithi eshaja ephathekayo ye-MG asekelayo izindlela eziningi ezihlukahlukene (i-GB/T ne-CCS2) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amaloli akho akasoze abhajelwa.
Kubatshali Bezimali Engqalasizinda: ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kanye nasenyakatho Ephakathi, izinto sezijikelele ngokuqinile kwi-Type 2 ne-CCS2. Ukutshala imali kumazinga adala njenge-CHAdeMO kufanele kwenziwe kuphela uma unesivumelwano esithile neqembu lezimoto ezindala zaseJapane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, hlangana namazinga e-IEC aseYurophu ukuze uvikele izimpahla zakho esikhathini esizayo.

Isiphetho: Indlela Esizayo

Izinsuku zezimiso zokushaja ezihlukene ziyaphela. Sibona ukuhlanganiswa okuzungeze uhlelo lwe-Type 2 / CCS Combo 2 kulo lonke elaseYurophu, iMiddle East, neNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kudala "umgwaqo wokushaja" oxhumanisa izwekazi. Ngaleso sikhathi, uhlelo lwe-GB/T luyaqhubeka nokusebenzela umthamo omkhulu wokukhiqiza osuka e-East Asia.

Kumthengi noma kumphathi wezimoto, okubalulekile kulula: yazi imakethe yakho nemoto yakho. Ngobuchwepheshe obuvumelana nezimo njenge-MG charging esekela lezi zinhlelo eziguqukayo, ukuguqukela ekuhambeni kukagesi kuba bushelele nsuku zonke, kuvule indlela yesikhathi esizayo esiluhlaza kulo lonke elase-Eurasia.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yiluphi uhlelo oluyinhloko lokushaja eYurophu naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia?

Uhlelo olubalulekile yi-Type 2 yokushaja kwe-AC kanye ne-CCS Combo 2 yokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC. Lokhu kusebenza ku-EU, UK, kanye nezizwe eziningi ze-ASEAN njengeSingapore neThailand.

Kungani uhlobo 2 lungcono kumanethiwekhi ase-Asia nawaseYurophu?

Izakhiwo eziningi zomphakathi nezindawo zokushaja kulezi zifunda zinokufinyelela kumandla amathathu. Uhlobo 2 lwenzelwe ukusebenzisa lokhu, okuvumela izivinini zokushaja ezisheshayo (11kW noma 22kW) uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga elilodwa le-Type 1.

Ngingashaja i-EV yaseShayina eYurophu noma eMiddle East?

Uma imoto isebenzisa ileli ye-GB/T, awukwazi ukuyixhuma ngqo esiteshini esijwayelekile saseYurophu i-CCS2. Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi abaningi baseShayina bathumela "izinguqulo zokuthekelisa" ezikhethekile ezihlome ngezimbobo ze-CCS2 kulezi zimakethe. Hlola njalo imbobo ngaphambi kokuthenga.

Ingabe i-CHAdeMO isabalulekile ngaphandle kweJapane?

Yebo, ikakhulukazi eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia nasezindaweni ezithile zaseYurophu ezinengqalasizinda endala. Ngenkathi izimoto ezintsha ezingezona ezaseJapane zingavamile ukuzisebenzisa, inethiwekhi ekhona yezishaja ze-CHAdeMO ihlala ibalulekile ezigidini zezimoto ze-Nissan ne-Mitsubishi EV ezisemgwaqweni njengamanje.

Ngidinga i-adaptha yokushayela eCentral Asia?

Kunconywa kakhulu. I-Central Asia iyindawo lapho kuhlanganiswa khona izimoto zaseYurophu (CCS2) nezaseShayina (GB/T). Ukuba namandla okuguquguquka phakathi kwalezi zimoto, noma ukwazi ukuthi iziteshi ezithile zitholakala kuphi, kubalulekile ohambweni olude.

Izindaba Ezihlobene