isiZulu
Iziqubulo zeBhethri yeMoto yeSikhumbuzo: Indlela i-BMS Ehlanganyela Neziteshi Zokukhokha
Kwadalwa ngo 12.24
Ngabe uke wacabanga ukuthi kungani i-Ishaja ye-EVukushesha okungajwayelekile kuze kube ngu-80%, bese kuthi ngokuzumayo kwehle kube kancane? Impendulo ayikho kumshaja—kuyinto emangalisayo leyo ikhompyutha evikela ibhethri lakho: uHlelo Lokuphathwa KweBhethri, noma i-BMS. Ngithanda ukukubheka njengomvikeli siqu we-bhethri kanye nekhanda, konke kuhlanganiswe ndawonye.
Lapho uxhuma kwi-charger ye-DC esheshayo enkulu, i-BMS iyona ethulelayo yonke into, ikhuluma nesiteshi esinamandla ukuthi senze exactly.
Ukuqonda le ngxoxo ethule kuyisihluthulelo sokubona ukuthi kungani umshina wokushaja wezimoto zikagesi ezingeni lesithathu ungumuntu ohlukile ngokuphelele kumshina wakho wokushaja ekhaya. Ake sikhulume ngalesi sithombe se-digital handshake.
Izinto Eziyinhloko
- Cabanga nge-BMS njengengqondo ye-bhathri yakho; igxile ngokuphelele ekuvikelekeni nasekuphathweni kwesikhathi eside.
- Ngokukhanya kancane kwe-AC ekhaya, i-BMS ibheka kuphela eceleni.
- Ngokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC okuqinile, i-BMS ingena esihlalweni somshayeli futhi ithathe ukulawula okuphelele.
- Le "ngxoxo" phakathi kwe-BMS nesiteshi yenza kube nokushaja okusheshayo—futhi okuphephile—okungakholakali.
Inhloso: Ukulinganisa Okuphelele Kwejubane Nezempilo
Njengomshayeli we-EV, ngifuna konke: ukushaja okusheshayo ukuze ngibuyisele emgwaqweni, ibhethri ehlala iminyaka, nenqubo yokushaja esebenza kahle. I-BMS iyisivumelwano esikhulu, njalo ibalancing lezi zidingo. Uma uhamba ngokushesha kakhulu, ubeka engozini ibhethri. Uma uhamba kancane kakhulu, uzobanjwa esiteshini sokushaja isikhathi eside. I-BMS ihlelwe ukuthola leyo ndawo efanele.
Okokuqala, Incazelo Esheshayo: Ukushaja kwe-AC vs. DC
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani umsebenzi we-BMS ushintsha kakhulu, kufanele uqale wazi izinhlobo ezimbili zamandla imoto yakho iyadla.
AC Charging (Level 1 & 2): Imoto Iyenze Umsebenzi
Lapho uthengisa ekhaya, udla amandla e-Alternating Current (AC) emotweni yakho. Kodwa ibhethri lakho lifana nomgwaqo ongenamkhawulo; lingagcina kuphela i-Direct Current (DC). Ngakho, imoto yakho kumele isebenzise umgibeli wayo ukuze iguqule kancane leyo mandla e-AC ibe yi-DC.
Kulesi simo, i-BMS ifana nomphathi ophumulelayo. Iqapha izinto, iqinisekisa ukuthi ama-battery cells ajabule, kodwa imishini ye-car uqobo ibeka isivinini sokushaja.
DC Fast Charging (Level 3): Uxhumano Oluqondile
Aumshanelo wemoto kagesi wezigaba ezingu-3iyashintsha umdlalo. Iwenza umsebenzi omkhulu ngaphandle kwemoto, iguqula inani elikhulu lamandla e-AC abe yi-DC ngaphakathi kwesiteshi uqobo. Iphinde idlule kumshuwalense ophansi wemoto yakho futhi ifake leyo mpendulo ye-DC ephezulu ngqo ebhathini.
Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-BMS ishintshela kumphathi ophumulele ukuya kumqondisi wemisebenzi.
I-Handshake: Ingxoxo Esisheshayo
Uma leyo khebula elinzima le-DC elisheshayo lingena emotweni yakho, kuqala ukuxoxisana okusheshayo.
Isinyathelo 1: Isingeniso
Ngaphambi kokuthi amandla agijime, isiteshi kanye ne-BMS yakho kuxoxwa ngokushesha. Ngemuva kokuthi uthinte ikhadi lakho lokukhokha, baqala ukushintshisana ngedatha.
- Isiteshi: "Hey, ngiyisikhangiso esingu-350 kW. Nginegunya eliningi elitholakalayo."
- BMS: "Kuhle ukuhlangana nawe. Ibhethri lami njengamanje likwi-30% yokushaja, ama-cell akwi-75°F athokomele, futhi ngokusekelwe kulokho, ngingamukela ngokuphepha okungama-150 kW okwamanje."
Isinyathelo 2: I-BMS ingumholi
Kusukela kulolo suku, i-BMS ithathe ukuphepha okuphelele. Isiteshi sokushaja esinamandla asisakwenzi izinqumo ngokuzimela, kodwa saguquka saba umphakathi ophendulayo ngokuphelele. I-BMS iqhubeka nokukhishwa kwemiyalelo enembile izinkulungwane zikhathi ngomzuzu: "Ukukhishwa kwamanje 148kW… Izinga lokushisa leseli liyakhuphuka, kancane kancane linciphise libe ngu-145kW… Gcina uzinzile…" Uma kukhona okungajwayelekile okutholakele, kuzokwenziwa umyalo wesiteshi sokushaja sokuthi sikhawulelwe amandla.
Lezi zinguquko ezinembile ziqhamuka ekuhlaziyweni kwesikhathi sangempela kweBMS kwedatha evela kumawashi amaningi ngaphakathi kwephakethe le-battery—kuhlanganisa ne-voltage kanye nezinga lokushisa leseli ngalinye.
Isinyathelo 3: I-Curve Yokushaja Eyaziwayo (I-Taper)
Lokhu kungokuthi ukushaja kancane njengoba usondela ekugcwaliseni. Cabanga ngokuzama ukufaka isikhwama. I-80% yokuqala yezingubo zakho ifaka kalula. Kodwa kulokhu okokugcina okungu-20%, kufanele uphume kancane, ufoldi ngokucophelela, futhi ucindezele izinto ukuze ugweme ukuphuka kweziphuzo.
I-BMS iyakwenza okufanayo. Njengoba ama-battery cells egcwala, ukufaka amandla amaningi kudala ukushisa nokucindezela. Ukuze ivikele ibhethri ekulimazeni, i-BMS iyala isiteshi ukuthi "inciphise" amandla. Yingakho ukuhamba ukusuka ku-10% kuya ku-80% kungaba kushesha kakhulu, kuyilapho ukuthola leyo 20% yokugcina kungazizwa njengokuthi kuthathe isikhathi eside.
Le miphumela yokuphathwa kwamandla okuhlakaniphile ingenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokwandisa impilo yebhethri.
Kungani Lokhu Kudinga Amandla Amaningi Kangaka
Lo msebenzi ophakathi kokulawula i-BMS uqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushaja lingafinyelela ku-50 kW kuya ku-350 kW. Lezi zinga zamandla zidinga izinsiza ezinkulu zezimboni, yingakho ungakwazi ukuba nayo ekhaya.
Izintambo ezinzima, ezipholisiwe ngamanzi zesiteshi kanye nezinsiza ezinamandla zonke zakhiwe ukuze ziphendule ngokushesha kumyalo we-BMS.
Ngakho, Lokhu Kusho Nini Ngemva Kokushaja?
Ngokuphathwa kwe-BMS kule midlalwano esheshayo,kuze kube isikhathi esingakananiukukhokha i-EV? Kubantu abaningi bezimoto zanamuhla, ungathola usuka esimweni esiphansi sebhethri uye ku-80% kungakapheli imizuzu engu-20-30. Le mphumela emangalisayo iyenzeka kuphela ngoba i-BMS iyacindezela yonke ingxenye yokusebenza ephephile ebhethri, njalo ngemizuzwana yokukhokha.
Isiphetho
Uhlelo Lokuphatha Amabhethri (BMS), le nqola engaziwa, yenze kube nokwenzeka ukuhamba phambili kwezimoto zikagesi. Isebenza njenge "thumeli" ebalulekile, iqinisekisa ukuthi iziteshi zokushaja ezisheshayo ze-DC zingakwazi "ukuxhumana" ngokuphepha nebhhethri yemoto yakho. Lokhu kuwukubambisana okunembile nokusheshayo.
Ngakho, ngesikhathi esilandelayo ubona ukukhuphuka kwamandla okushaja esiteshini sokushaja esisheshayo, nikeza umqondo ophakamisayo ku-BMS yemoto yakho. Isebenza ngokuthula njenge "conductor," iqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuhlangana kwenqubo yokushaja yonke.
Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe be-bhathri be-solid-state kanye nokwenziwa kahle kwe-algorithms ye-BMS, sizobona izinga lokushaja elisheshayo kakhulu kanye namandla aphezulu ahlala isikhathi eside, okwenza isipiliyoni sokushaja singafani nokuqhathaniswa "nokuxhuma nokuhamba."
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Ngamafuphi, i-BMS ikhuluma kanjani nomshayo?
Cabanga nge-BMS njengomphathi. Ngesikhathi sokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC, ibonisa isiteshi esinamandla ukuthi mangaki amandla ibhethri ingawathatha ngokuphepha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Isiteshi silandela imiyalo kuphela.
Kungani imoto yami ikhokha kancane ngemuva kuka-80%?
Lokhu kuyisistimu ye-BMS evikela ibhethri lakho. Kuyisici esibizwa ngokuthi "tapering." Ukugcwalisa ingxenye yokugcina ye-bhethri kudala ingcindezi nokushisa, ngakho i-BMS iyanciphisa izinto ukuze iqinisekise ukuthi ibhethri ihlala inempilo eminyakeni ezayo.
Ngakho umshini wokushaja ongu-350 kW ngeke uphule imoto yami engu-150 kW?
Cha, akunjalo. I-BMS yemoto yakho izotshela umshaja we-350 kW, "Ngiyakwazi ukuphatha kuphela i-150 kW." Umshaja uzohlinzeka kuphela nge-150 kW eyacelwa yi-BMS.
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