Njengoba ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kukhuphuka kakhulu, isidingo sabanikazi bezimoto ezintsha zamandla sokushaja kakhulu siye sanda, futhi inkathi yokushaja kakhulu isifikile. Kubalulekile ukufaka imishini yokushaja kakhulu eziteshini zokushaja ezijwayelekile. Ukwakhiwa okukhulu kokuqiniswa kweziteshi zokushaja kanye nokuguqulwa kweziteshi zokushaja kuthinte kakhulu futhi kwabeka umthwalo kugridi yamandla ekhona. Ngaleso sikhathi, kunzima ukwandisa umthamo weziteshi zokushaja, izindleko zokutshala izimali ziphakeme futhi kunezinto eziningi ezingaqinisekile.

Izinto ezifana ne-factor yokuphuma ephansi kanye nezinkinga ezivamile zekhwalithi yamandla ezifana ne-harmonics ezidalwe yiziteshi zokushaja ezijwayelekile ngesikhathi sokusebenza zenze ukufakwa kokugcina amandla eziteshini zokushaja kube ukukhetha okuyinhloko.

Isiteshi sokushaja sokugcina amandla siyisisekelo sokushaja esihlakaniphile esihlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kwe-photovoltaic, uhlelo lokugcina amandla kanye nezinsika zokushaja ze-EV. Umsebenzi walo omkhulu uwukufeza ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla ahlanzekile kanye nokuzinza kokuhlinzekwa kwamandla ngokusebenzisa ukugcina amandla nokuhlelwa kahle.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nesiteshi sokushaja esisodwa esijwayelekile, le nhlangano inezinzuzo ezibalulekile ezifana nezinsiza eziningi ezihambisanayo, ukonga amandla nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukusika phezulu nokugcwalisa izigodi. Inqubo yokusebenza yangempela, izinzuzo zezimali nezokuxhumana zingakhuliswa ngokwenza kahle ukwakheka nokuphathwa kokuthunyelwa.

Nciphise izindleko zokusebenza. Njengamanje, indlela yokubala intengo kagesi ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa iyasetshenziswa kulo lonke izwe. Ngokufaka isitoreji samandla, ukushaja ngamahora angabizi kakhulu nokukhipha amandla ngamahora abizayo kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi ngesikhathi esiphakeme futhi kunciphise izindleko zikagesi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngemuva kokufaka isitoreji samandla, ukuhamba kwethrafikhi esiteshini kungandiswa ngokunciphisa imali yesevisi ngamahora abizayo. Amanye amatsheshi afakwe ukukhiqizwa kukagesi nge-photovoltaic, futhi amandla e-photovoltaic agcinwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze asetshenziswe, ukuze ugesi ogciniwe ungasetshenziswa ngamahora aphakeme ukunciphisa izindleko zikagesi. Ukufaka isitoreji samandla kungavumela futhi ukubamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kohlangothi lwesidingo lwenethiwekhi yamandla, kusiza inethiwekhi yamandla ukuthi yenze ukushefa kwesikhathi esiphakeme nokulawulwa kwemvamisa, kutholwe imali. Esikhathini esizayo, kungabamba iqhaza ekuthengisweni kwemakethe ye-spot kukagesi, nemithombo ehlukahlukene yemali engenayo kanye nemibono ethembisayo.

Ukukhuliswa kwamandla okwenziwa. Kuhambisana nokuhlolwa kwezimo zonke zamandla nokwabiwa kwamandla; amandla okushaja nokukhishwa kokugcina amandla akhulisa ngokuhambisana nezidingo zamandla zesiteshi. Ukugcina okukhulu nokushaja kuhlanganiswe, kuqinisekisa ukushaja okusheshayo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.

Thuthukisa ikhwalithi yamandla. Lapho isiteshi sokushaja sihlinzekwa ngogesi, ezimeni ezifana nokuthi i-transformer igcwele, amandla ahlukaniswe, noma ukushaja kungenzeki ngenxa yokuphuma kukagesi, kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yamandla futhi kugcine ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwesiteshi sokushaja.

Isimo esingaphansi sezicelo zamandla agciniwe esiteshini sokushaja

Ngakolunye uhlangothi lokukhiqiza amandla, abasebenzisi bokugcina abafuna ukugcinwa kwamandla yiziteshi zamandla. Ngenxa yezimpawu ezahlukene zemithombo yamandla ehlukahlukene kugridi yamandla kanye nokungahambisani okunamandla phakathi kokukhiqizwa kwamandla nokusetshenziswa kwawo okubangelwa umthwalo ongabikeleki, kunezinhlobo eziningi zokufunwa kokugcinwa kwamandla ohlangothini lokukhiqiza amandla, okuhlanganisa izimo eziyisithupha ezifana nokushintsha kwesikhathi samandla, iyunithi lamandla, ukulandela umthwalo, ukulawulwa kwemvamisa yesistimu, amandla okungagcini kanye nokuxhunywa kugridi kwamandla avuselelekayo.

Ukusheshisa isikhathi samandla kufeza ukunciphisa isiqongo nokugcwalisa izintaba zomthwalo kagesi ngesitoreji samandla, okungukuthi, isitshalo samandla sigcwalisa ibhethri ngesikhathi esingesona isiqongo somthwalo kagesi futhi sikhulule ugesi ogciniwe ngesikhathi sesiqongo somthwalo kagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuwukusheshisa isikhathi samandla ukugcina amandla omoya nelanga ancishisiwe avuselelwe bese uwadlulisela kwezinye izikhathi ukuze uxhunywe kugridi. Ukusheshisa isikhathi samandla kuyisicelo esivamile esisekelwe kumandla, esingenazo izidingo eziqinile zesikhathi sokushaja nokukhipha kanye nezidingo ezibanzi zamandla okushaja nokukhipha. Kodwa-ke, imvamisa yesicelo sokusheshisa isikhathi samandla iphakeme kakhulu, ingaphezu kuka-300 izikhathi ngonyaka, ngenxa yomthwalo kagesi wabasebenzisi nezici zokukhiqiza amandla avuselelwe.

Ngenxa yezinto ezahlukene emithwalweni kagesi ngezikhathi ezahlukene, amayunithi amalahle okukhiqiza ugesi kudingeka athwale amandla okubhekana nomthwalo ophezulu. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi kugcinwe amandla athile okukhiqiza ukuze kuhambisane nemithwalo ephezulu, lokhu kwenza amayunithi amandla ashisa amalahle angakwazi ukufinyelela amandla aphelele futhi kuthinte umnotho wokusebenza kweyunithi. Ukusebenzisa ukugcinwa kwamandla kungashaja ngesikhathi esiphansi somthwalo kagesi bese kukhipha amandla ngesikhathi esiphakeme somthwalo kagesi ukunciphisa umthwalo ophezulu. Ukusebenzisa umphumela wokubuyisela ohlelweni lokugcina amandla ukukhulula amayunithi amandla amalahle okukhiqiza ugesi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamayunithi amandla ashisa amalahle nokwandisa ukusebenza kwawo kwezomnotho. Iyunithi lamandla liyisicelo esivamile esisekelwe kumandla, esingenazo izidingo eziqinile zesikhathi sokushaja nokukhipha amandla futhi izidingo ezibanzi zamandla okushaja nokukhipha amandla. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yomthwalo wamandla wabasebenzisi nezici zokukhiqiza amandla ezivuselelekayo, imvamisa yesicelo sokushintsha isikhathi samandla iphakeme kakhulu, cishe izikhathi ezingu-200 ngonyaka.

Ukulandela umthwalo kuyisevisi esekelisayo elungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze kufezeke ibhalansi yangempela yesikhathi somthwalo oshintsha kancane futhi ohlala ushintsha. Umthwalo ohlala ushintsha ngokushintsha kancane ungahlukaniswa ube umthwalo oyisisekelo nomthwalo wokukhuphuka ngokuya ngesimo sangempela sokusebenza kwesijeneretha, futhi ukulandela umthwalo kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi kumthwalo wokukhuphuka, okungukuthi, ngokulungisa okukhiphayo, izinga lokukhuphuka kwamayunithi wamandla endabuko lincishiswe ngangokunokwenzeka, likuvumela ukuthi udlulele kahle ezingeni leziyalezo zokuphatha. Uma kuqhathaniswa namayunithi amandla, ukulandela umthwalo kudinga isikhathi esikhulu sokuphendula sokukhipha, futhi isikhathi esihambisanayo sidingeka ukuthi sibe ngemizuzu.

Ushintsho lwemvamisa luzoba nomthelela ekusebenzeni ngokuphepha nangokusebenza kahle kanye nempilo yemishini yokukhiqiza amandla nemishini kagesi. Ngakho-ke, ukulungiswa kwemvamisa kubaluleke kakhulu. Emgqeni wamandla wendabuko, ukungalingani kwamandla kwesikhashana kwenethiwekhi yamandla kulungiswa ngamayunithi endabuko (ikakhulukazi amandla ashisayo kanye namandla emvula e-China) ngokuphendula kusignali ye-AGC. Ngokuxhunywa kwamandla amasha, ukuguquguquka nokungahleliwe kwamandla omoya nelanga kuqinisile ukungalingani kwamandla kwesikhashana kwenethiwekhi yamandla esikhathini esifushane. Imithombo yamandla yendabuko (ikakhulukazi amandla ashisayo) ihamba kancane ekuphenduleni imiyalelo yokuthunyelwa kwenethiwekhi yamandla ngenxa yokulungiswa kwemvamisa okuhamba kancane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuzoba nezenzo ezingalungile njengokulungiswa okuphambene, ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo esisha. Uma kuqhathaniswa, isivinini sokulungiswa kwemvamisa samandla okugcina (ikakhulukazi amandla okugcina kagesi) siyashesha, futhi ibhethri ingashintshwa kalula phakathi kwezimo zokushaja nokukhipha, okwenza kube yisixazululo esihle kakhulu sokulungiswa kwemvamisa.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nokulandelelwa komthwalo, ingxenye yomthwalo yokulawulwa kwemvamisa yesistimu ishintsha ngemizuzu namasekhondi, okudinga isivinini sokuphendula esiphezulu (ngokuvamile ukuphendula kwesekhondi), futhi indlela yokulungisa ingxenye yomthwalo ngokuvamile yi-AGC. Kodwa-ke, ukulawulwa kwemvamisa yesistimu kuyisicelo samandla esijwayelekile, esidinga ukushaja okusheshayo nokukhipha amandla esikhathini esifushane, futhi sidinga izinga elikhulu lokushaja nokukhipha amandla lapho kusetshenziswa ukugcinwa kwamandla kagesi, okuzofingqa impilo yezinhlobo ezithile zebhethri futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte umnotho wazo.

Umthamo wokugcina (reserve capacity) ubhekisa emandleni asebenzayo agcinwa ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yamandla nokusebenza okuhle nokuzinzile kwesistimu uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo, ngaphandle kokuhlangabezana nesidingo esilindelekile somthwalo. Ngokuvamile, umthamo wokugcina udinga ukuba ngama-15-20% omthamo ojwayelekile wokuhlinzeka ngamandla wesistimu, futhi inani elincane kufanele libe lilingana nomthamo weyunithi enkulu kakhulu efakwe kusistimu. Njengoba umthamo wokugcina ungowokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo, imvamisa yokusebenza yonyaka iphansi. Uma ibhethri lisetshenziswa njengomthamo wokugcina wedwa, umnotho awuqinisekiswa, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuqhathanisa ngezindleko zomthamo wokugcina okhona ukunquma umphumela wangempela wokushintsha.

Ngenxa yezici ezingahleliwe nezingapheli zokuphuma kwamandla omoya namandla elanga, ikhwalithi yamandla imbi kunezamandla zakudala. Njengoba ukuntengantenga kokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo (ukuntengantenga kwemvamisa, ukuntengantenga kokuphuma, njll.) kusuka emizuzwaneni embalwa kuya emahoreni ambalwa, kunezicelo ezisekelwe kumandla nezisekelwe emandleni, ezingahlukaniswa ngokujwayelekile ezinhlotsheni ezintathu: ukushintsha kwesikhathi samandla avuselelekayo, ukuqinisa amandla okukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo, nokushelela kokuphuma kwamandla avuselelekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yokwenqatshwa kokukhanya ekukhiqizweni kwamandla elanga, kuyadingeka ukugcina ugesi owengeziwe okhiqizwe emini ukuze ukhiphe ebusuku, okungokwesikhathi samandla avuselelekayo. Ngamandla omoya, ngenxa yokungabikeleli komoya, ukuphuma kwamandla omoya kuyantengantenga kakhulu futhi kudinga ukushelela, ngakho-ke kusetshenziswa kakhulu uhlelo olusekelwe kumandla.