Ngokukhula okusheshayo kokudumisa ama-NEVs, isidingo sokushaja okuhlangene kwabathengi be-EV sikhule kakhulu. Indlela yokushaja engalungile yendabuko ayigcini nje ngokubeka engcupheni ukugcwala kwegridi yamandla ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuphezulu kodwa iphinde iphazamise ukuhlinzekwa kukagesi ezindlini. Ngakho-ke, umqondo wokushaja okuhlelekile uvele, ushintsha ukuphathwa kwegridi futhi uthuthukisa ukusebenza, ubuhlakani, nokuhlelwa kokushaja ama-NEV.

Ukukhokha okuhlelekile kubhekisela emkhakheni wokuhola nokulawula ukukhokha kwezimoto zikagesi ngamaqondo ezomnotho noma ezobuchwepheshe. Inhloso yayo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhokha kwezimoto zikagesi ngasikhathi sinye "ukunciphisa izigaba eziphakeme nokugcwalisa izigaba eziphansi" ze-curve load ye-grid yamandla. Ngokwenza lokhu, kunciphisa isidingo sokwandisa amandla okukhishwa, kuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa okuhambisanayo phakathi kwemboni yezimoto zikagesi ne-grid yamandla.

Ngakho-ke, ukushaja okuhlelekile kuyindlela yokushaja ehlakaniphile ethuthukisa ukuhlela kweziphuzo zokushaja, kubheka izinto ezifana yük, isidingo sokushaja, nezintengo zamandla.

Mayelana nokusetshenziswa, iziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi, amapaki ezimboni, imigwaqo emikhulu nezinye izimo ngokuvamile zidinga ukushaja okusheshayo, okukhulu amandla ngenxa yokuthi isikhathi sokusebenzisa siyabucayi. Ngokuphambene, izindawo zokuhlala nezindawo zokupaka emsebenzini zinikeza ukuhamba kahle okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokushaja. Lezi zimo zokugcina zilungele ukufaka ukushaja okuhlelekile, njengoba abasebenzisi ngokujwayelekile benokushaja okungaphuthumile.

Ukuphuculwa Kokulayisha Igridi: Ukushaja okuhlelekile kungathuthukisa ukulayisha kwegridi yamandla, kuqinisekise ukusika umthwalo ophakeme nokugcwalisa izigodi, hhayi kuphela kwehlisa ngempumelelo ingcindezi yokuhlinzeka ngamandla ngesikhathi sokuphakama kwegridi yamandla futhi kwehlise ukuguquguquka kokulayisha kwegridi, kodwa futhi kuhlangabezane nezidingo zokukhiqiza ezijwayelekile nezokuphila zabasebenzisi, kuqinisekise ukudlula okuhle kokulayisha kwamandla futhi kuthuthukise ukuzinza nokuphepha kohlelo lwamandla.

Ukuphathwa Kwamandla Okusebenza Kahle: Uma kuqhathaniswa namandla aphumayo aqinile ezikhumulweni zokushaja zendabuko, amandla aphumayo ezikhumulweni zokushaja ezihlelelekile angashintshwa ngokukhululeka ngaphakathi kokuhamba okuthile. Le ndlela yokuzivumelanisa ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusebenza kahle, ihlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zokushaja.

Ukuguqulwa kweHardware

I-module yokuvusa imoto: ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izimoto ezikhokhwayo zifakwe ama-module okuvusa, okuyisimo esidingekayo sokukhokha ngendlela ehlelekile.

Interface yokuxhumana kanye neprothokholi: Amashaja kumele abe neziqukathi zokuxhumana kanye neprothokholi ezikwazi ukudlulisa ulwazi lokulawula. Ihardware ingase idinge ukuguqulwa ukuze ixhase ukushintshaniswa kwedatha okuphumelelayo.

Ama-router wamandla: Ama-router wamandla avumela imisebenzi yokuphatha yük kanye namakhono okuphazamiseka kude, akhulisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinkundla zendawo nezinkundla ezisekelwe efwini.

Ukukhwabanisa okuhle endaweni yesiteshi: Ngaphansi kwemodeli yentengo kagesi esebenzisa isikhathi esinqunyiwe, izikhala zokukhwabanisa ziqhutshwa kude ngezimitha zikagesi ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zomnotho.

Ukukhishwa okuhlakaniphile kokusebenza kwesiteshi: Ngokulungisa amanani okusebenza, abasebenzisi bakhuthazwa ukukhetha izikhathi zokukhishwa ezingenamthwalo, kuqinisekisa inqubo yokukhishwa ezinzile.

Ukukhishwa okuhlakaniphile kokushaja ukuze kuthuthukiswe inethiwekhi: Le ndlela idinga ama-algorithms wokuthuthukisa ahlakaniphile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwegridi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha, kanye nokwenzeka kwezomnotho kohlelo lwamandla.

Ukwakhiwa Kwepulatifomu

Iphakheji yesevisi ehlakaniphile: Ukusungula amapulatifomu wesevisi ehlakaniphile eziteshini zokushaja kuhlinzeka ngensizakalo ephelele, kusukela ekuhlinzekeni nasekulawuleni kuya ezinsizakalweni zansuku zonke, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswa ikhwalithi jikelele nokusebenza kahle kwezinsizakalo zokushaja.

Ukusekela Kwenqubomgomo kanye Nobuchwepheshe Obuphakeme

Ukusekelwa kwemigomo: Ohulumeni bezwe kanye nezindawo kufanele baqhubeke nokukhishwa kwemigomo ekhuthaza ukushaja okuhlakaniphile nokuhleleka, kanye nokuxhumana kwezimoto negridi (V2G).

Ubuchwepheshe obuphumelelayo: Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, njengokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bamabhethri kanye nobuchwepheshe bokushaja ama-EV, ukushaja okuhlelekile kuzoba nekhono elikhulu futhi kuzoba nezindleko eziphansi.

Izici Eziphazamisa Ukushaja Okuhlakaniphile Nokuhleleka

Izici zokulayisha kwegridi yamandla zihluka ngendawo: Isibonelo, eShanghai, eChina, intwasahlobo ibona ukwanda okukhulu kokudinga amandla okuphezulu, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlinzeka ngamandla. Ngakho-ke, kukhona isidingo esikhulu sokuguquguquka kokuxhumana phakathi kwemoto nenethiwekhi.

Izinkambiso zentengo kagesi: Izinkambiso zentengo kagesi ezindaweni ezahlukene zinefuthe elibalulekile ekwenzeni kube lula nokuhleleka kokushaja. Intengo kagesi yeShanghai yesikhathi sokusebenzisa, enezinhlaka ezinkulu zokwehluka kwentengo phakathi kwezikhathi eziphezulu nezisezingeni eliphansi, ikhuthaza ngempumelelo abanikazi be-EV ukuba babambe iqhaza emisebenzini yokulinganisa inethiwekhi.

Uhlaka lwezokwakha zokushaja: Uhlaka lwezokwakha zokushaja kudingeka luhambisane nohlelo lokuhlela amandla. Ku "Hlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Lonyaka Olushumi Lokushaja (Ukushintsha) Izinsiza eShanghai", eShanghai kuchazwe umgomo wokwakha kanye nohlu lwezokwakha zokushaja, kudingeka ukuthi izokwakha zokushaja zedolobha zihlangabezane nezidingo ze-1.25 million ye-EVs ezintsha zamandla ngo-2025.

Izinga lokuhlakanipha kwezinsiza zokushaja: Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile nokuhleleka kudinga ukuthi izinsiza zokushaja zibe nezinga eliphezulu lokuhlakanipha futhi zifeze ukuxhumana kwesikhathi sangempela nenethiwekhi kagesi. IShanghai ikhuthaza ukuxhumana kwezinsiza ze-EV futhi ithuthukisa izinga lokuhlakanipha kanye nekhono lokulawula ngokubambisana kwezinsiza zokushaja.

Umsebenzi Wabasebenzisi Nezidingo Abasebenzisi ezindaweni ezahlukene banemikhuba ehlukene yokukhokha nezidingo. Ukukhokha okuhlakaniphile nokuhleleka kudinga ukuhlela imikhuba nezidingo zokukhokha zabanye abasebenzisi. Isikhathi sokukhokha kwabaphathi be-EV eShanghai sithambekele ekugxileni. Uma lokhu kuhlanganiswa nesikhathi sokulayisha okuphezulu kwegridi yamandla, kuzoba nomthelela ekusebenzeni okuphephile kwegridi yamandla.

Ukusekela kwemigomo kanye nezinhlelo zokukhuthaza: Ukusekela kwemigomo kanye nezinhlelo zokukhuthaza kubalulekile kakhulu ekuqhakambiseni ukushaja okuhlakaniphile nokuhleleka. Ngemibhalo yemigomo, iShanghai isiqhube umgomo wezindleko zikagesi zexesha lokusetshenziswa futhi iqhubekile nokuphendula isidingo samandla, okwakuhlinzeke ngezimo zokuxhumana phakathi kwezithuthi nezinhlelo.

Izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe nezincazelo: Izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe ezihlangene nezincazelo ziyisisekelo sokuphumelelisa ukushaja okuhlakaniphile nokuhleleka. Isibonelo, iShanghai, eChina, ikhishile Izidingo Zobuchwepheshe Zokushaja Okuhlakaniphile Nokuphendula Okuxhumanayo Kwamapayipi Okushaja Okuhlakaniphile kwe-EVs, ezichaze izimo ezisebenzayo, izidingo ezijwayelekile, izidingo zokushaja okuhlakaniphile, izidingo zokuphendula okuxhumanayo nezidingo zokuxhumana kwepulatifomu zokushaja okuhlakaniphile nokuphendula okuxhumanayo kwamapayipi okushaja okuhlakaniphile kwe-EVs.

Ukuphepha nokuthembeka Ukukhishwa okuhlakaniphile nokuhleleka kudinga ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwenqubo yokukhishwa. Ekuqeqesheni kokuxhumana kwezimoto nenethiwekhi eShanghai, ukuphendula kwezinhlobonhlobo zezikhungo zokukhishwa nokushintsha ezifana nezikhungo zomphakathi nezabahlali kuqinisekisiwe, futhi kungatholwa izinzuzo ezinkulu.

Ukuhlaziywa komnotho: Umnotho uyisici esiyinhloko sokukhuthazwa okukhulu kokushaja okuhlakaniphile nokuhleleka. Ukuhlaziywa komnotho kokuxhumana kwezimoto nenethiwekhi eShanghai kukhombisa ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zokushaja nokushintsha izinsiza ezifana nezokpublic nezezakhamuzi zinekhono lokuphendula futhi zingathola inzuzo enkulu.

Umehluko Phakathi Kokushaja Okuhlelekile Nokungahlelekile

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokushaja okuhlelekile nokushaja okungahlelekile ubonakala ekutheni ukuziphatha kokushaja kwe-EVs kulawulwa futhi kulawulwa ukuze kufezwe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okunengqondo nokuphumelelayo. Okulandelayo yizici ezithile ezahlukene phakathi kwazo:

Ukuphathwa kokushaja

Ukukhokha okuhlelekile: ngokusebenzisa izindlela zobuchwepheshe nezinyathelo zezimali, ukuhola nokulawula ama-EV ukuze akhokhe ngesikhathi esifanele. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhilela ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokulawula ukukhokha olunobuhlakani ukuze kuthuthukiswe isikhathi sokukhokha namandla ngokuya ng carga ye-grid kanye nokushintsha kwentengo kagesi.

Ukukhwabanisa okungahlelelekile: Isikhathi sokukhwabanisa se-EVs sithonywa ngokuphelele ngabanikazi babo, futhi akukho isu elihlangene lokuphatha, okungaholela ekuchithweni kwezinsiza zamandla noma ukungazinzile kwenethiwekhi yamandla ngesikhathi sokulayisha okuphezulu.

Umthelela wenethiwekhi yamandla

Ukushaja okuhlelekile: Kungasiza ukunciphisa umthwalo ophakeme wegridi yamandla, kwehlise ingcindezi yesistimu yamandla futhi kuthuthukise ukuzinza nokwethembeka kwegridi yamandla ngokuhlela ukushaja ngesikhathi sokudinga amandla okuphansi.

Ukukhokha okungahleleki: Kungase kubenze kube kubi kakhulu izidingo eziphezulu, kukhuphule umthwalo ku-grid futhi kungenzeka kukhuphule izindleko zokukhiqiza amandla kanye nezimali zokutshala.

Izinzuzo Zezomnotho

Ukushaja okuhlelekile: Ngokushaja ngesikhathi sokwehla kwentengo kagesi, abasebenzisi bangagcina izindleko zokushaja. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungathuthukisa nezinga lokusetshenziswa kwemishini yegridi kagesi, okuzosiza ekwehliseni izindleko zokuhlinzeka ngogesi jikelele esikhathini eside.

Ukukhokha okungahleleki: Abasebenzisi bangathola izindleko zamandla aphezulu ngokukhokha ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka lapho amanani evame ukuba phezulu.

Uhlelo Lokusebenza Kwezobuchwepheshe

Ukukhokha okuhlelekile: Kuncike kubuchwepheshe obuphambili be-IoT kanye nesu le-smart grid, njengokulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo kwezikhala zokukhokha, ukuhlela nokulungisa izinhlelo zokukhokha zabasebenzisi, njll.

Ukushaja okungahleleka: Akudingi ukungenelela kwezobuchwepheshe okukhethekile, njengoba izinqumo zokushaja ziqondiswa ngokuphelele ngumsebenzisi.

Isimo Sokucwaninga Sokuhlinzeka Ngemali

Ucwaningo eChina

E-China, ngokukhula okusheshayo kwe-EVs, ucwaningo oluhambisana nalokhu luyajuliswa. Imizamo yamanje igxile ku:

Ukuphathwa Kokulayisha Okususelwa Entengo: Ukusebenzisa izikhuthazo zentengo kagesi ukuze kukhuthazwe ukushaja ngesikhathi sokulayisha okuphansi kwenethiwekhi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe umjikelezo wokulayisha.

Izinsizakalo Ezigxile Kumsebenzisi: Ukubeka phambili izidingo zokukhokha zomsebenzisi, ezifana nezikhathi nezintandokazi zamandla. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukwandisa inethiwekhi yeziteshi zokukhokha ezisheshayo nezimfushane nokuhlinzeka ngesisombululo sokukhokha esihloniphekile ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuphatha ezihlakaniphile.

Uhlelo Lokwakha: Ukuze kubhekwane nentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo ye-EVs, hlela kahle ukuhlela kanye namandla ezikhungo zokushaja. Isibonelo, ngokwezinombolo ze-EVs endaweni, isidingo sokushaja nezinye izinto, ukuhlela nokuhlela kweziphuzo zokushaja kwenziwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokusetshenziswa kweziphuzo zokushaja. Nokho, kusekhona izinselelo, ezifana nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe ezingahambisani, uk participation okuphansi kwabathengi, kanye nokuphathwa kokubambisana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwabathintekayo abaningi.

Ukwenziwa kocwaningo phesheya

Okwamanje, amazwe angaphandle athole ezinye zezinto ezithuthukile kanye nemiphumela yocwaningo kumkhankaso ophumelelayo wokulawula ukushaja izinsiza zokushaja ngaphansi kwezimo zokuphucula eziningi. Amazwe athile asevele aqinisekisile ukulawula okusebenzayo nokuphucula kokushaja kwe-EV ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-smart grid kanye nesistimu yokuphatha yokushaja ethuthukile, esebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu kanye nemodeli yokubikezela ukuze ilungise kabusha izilungiselelo zokushaja. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo lugxile ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe bokushaja obusha, njengokushaja okungenawaya nokushaja okusheshayo, ukuze kuhlangabezane nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zabasebenzisi.

Imoto - ku - Grid Interaction kanye Nokushaja Okuhlelekile

Eminyakeni edlule, uhulumeni bezwe kanye nohulumeni bendawo bakhishile izinqubomgomo eziningi zokwandisa amakhono okuxhumana phakathi kwemoto negridi ngesikhathi sokushaja. Izinkampani zegridi zamandla nazo zisebenza ngokuzikhandla ekuhloleni indlela ethile yokuxhumana phakathi kwezimoto ezisebenzisa ugesi (NEVs) negridi yamandla.

Ukuxhumana phakathi kwenethiwekhi yezimoto yonke kuzodlula ezigabeni eziningi kusukela kumodi yokushaja engalungile engacabangi umthelela kwi-grid yamandla ekuqaleni kuya ekuhlanganisweni okujulile kwenethiwekhi yokuhamba ne-grid yamandla. Ngokubheka izinto ezifana nezinqubomgomo ezisekelayo, imikhuba yabasebenzisi, isimo sobuchwepheshe, imvelo yezimboni nokunye, okungenani eminyakeni emithathu, ukushaja okuhlelekile (V1G) kuyisixazululo esisebenziseka kakhulu kwezohwebo, futhi uhlelo lokwakha iziteshi luphinde luthathe lokhu njengenjongo yokuphumelelisa.

Ngokubheka ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwegridi kagesi, le nhlelo iphakamisa uhlelo lokwakha iziteshi zokushaja ezihlelelekile, igxile ekuguqulweni kwemishini, emthethweni nasetrategini yokusebenza kanye nepulatifomu yolwazi. Ngokuhlanganisa amanethiwekhi wabelana, izikhungo zokushaja, izimoto, namabhethri, lezi ziteshi zifakwe ukuze zikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yokushaja ehlelekile ngempumelelo.

I-Orderly Charging Pile

Chaza i-charging pile ehlelekile, ehlukile kumandla aphumayo aqinile e-charging pile ye-AC ejwayelekile engu-7 kW. Amandla aphumayo e-charging pile ehlelekile ahluka phakathi kuka-1.3 kW no-7 kW. Lo msebenzi wonke uthatha uhlelo lwezokusebenza kwezimali ezihlakaniphile ze-State Grid njengendawo enkulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo lapho inethiwekhi yamandla ingashintshiwe futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okujwayelekile kwabahlali emphakathini kungathinteki, uhlelo lokuhlinzeka nge-charging lwenziwa ngokwezimiso zokuthi "okokuqala ukufika, okokuqala ukukhokha, nokuhlinzekwa kokukhokha". "Ubuhlakani" be-charging pile ehlelekile bukhona ekutheni uma umthwalo wamandla emphakathini ungaphezulu, i-charging pile izoshintsha isikhathi sokuhlinzeka nge-charging noma izokwehlisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amandla aphumayo ngokwecebo lokulawula lesiteshi esikhulu, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abahlali banokusetshenziswa kwamandla okujwayelekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-charging pile ingakhokha ngokwayo ngesikhathi sokwehla kwentengo yamandla ngokwecebo lokuhlinzeka nge-charging, okunciphisa izindleko zokuhlinzeka nge-charging futhi kugcine isikhathi sokulinda somnikazi.

Umehluko phakathi kwezinsika zokushaja ezijwayelekile: Izinsika zokushaja ezihlelelekile zine-mechanism yokulinda ehlukanisa isikhathi sokushaja kwe-EVs ngokuya ngezidingo zabasebenzisi, yehlisa isikhathi sokulinda kwemoto ngesikhathi sokushaja futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokushaja. Izinsika zokushaja ezijwayelekile azinayo le mechanism, futhi inkinga yokuhluleka ingase idinge ukuxazululwa ngumnikazi uqobo.

Izici ezilula zokusebenzisa: Izinsiza zokushaja ezihlelelekile zinikeza ulwazi lwangempela, njengenani lemoto ezilindile kanye nokutholakala kwezinsiza, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bahlele kahle ukushaja kwabo.

Izithiyo Zama-Pile Okushaja Ajwayelekile: Ukungabi khona kohlelo lokulinda kuma-pile okushaja ajwayelekile kuholela ezikhathini zokulinda ezinde kanye nezinhlelo zokushaja ezingalindelekile, okwenza abasebenzisi baphatheke ngokwezifiso zabo noma badinge usizo lwangaphandle.