1.Isizinda

Njengoba umhlaba uzabalaza ukushintsha indlela esisebenzisa ngayo amandla, imboni yezimoto ezisebenzisa amandla amasha isendleleni esheshayo, iguqula ngamandla amandla asishukumisa ukuba sihambe. Kuthathé iminyaka engu-27 ukuba iChina ifinyelele ezimotweni eziyizigidi ezingu-10 ezisebenzisa amandla amasha kusukela kweyokuqala. Ngenkathi isikhathi esithathayo kusukela kweyizi-10 million kuya kweziyizigidi ezingu-20 yizinyanga eziyi-17 kuphela. Isivinini siyamangalisa!

Ukukhula okusheshayo kwezimoto ezisebenzisa amandla amasha akusho nje ukuthi ukuhamba okuluhlaza kukhula kakhulu, kodwa futhi kusitshela ukuthi izinsiza ezihlobene nezimoto ezisebenzisa amandla amasha, njengeziteshi zokushaja izimoto zikagesi (EV), kufanele futhi zivumelane nalezi zimo ezintsha.

2.Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinsiza Zokushaja Emakethe Yomhlaba Wonke

I-Europe: Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-European, imboni yezimoto ezintsha zamandla ibilokhu igxile kakhulu, iziteshi zayo zokushaja zakhiwe kangcono nangcono, futhi izixhumi zokushaja izimoto ziyahambisana namazinga afanayo. Manje, abantu abaningi nabaningi bakhetha ukuthenga izimoto ezintsha zamandla, isimo samanje semakethe kulindeleke ukuthi sikhule kakhulu.

INyakatho Melika: E-United States, ukushaja izimoto ezintsha zamandla kuncike kakhulu ezindaweni zokushaja zomphakathi. Kulezi zindawo zokushaja, ezijwayelekile ezishaja kancane kanye nezinhlobo zezindawo zokushaja ezisheshayo ze-DC ezingagcwala ngokushesha, umehluko ezingeni lokukhula kwazo mkhulu kakhulu. I-Tesla, ikakhulukazi, iyashesha kakhulu kunanoma ubani omunye emakethe yokushaja esheshayo. Futhi, i-US inetshale kakhulu ekwenzeni okujwayelekile ukubukeka kwezixhumi ezahlukahlukene zokushaja, nokwakha iziteshi zokushaja eziningi ukuze kwenziwe kube lula ukushaja kuwo wonke umuntu.

I-Japan: I-Japan nayo inemithetho yayo kule ndawo yokushaja izimoto ezintsha zamandla. Manje, i-China ne-Japan zizama ukuthola izindlela zokwenza imithetho yazo yokushaja ifane kakhulu, ukuze imithetho yase-Japan nayo ingase ibe nomthelela omkhulu emakethe yomhlaba wonke.

I-China: I-China ingenye yemakethe ethengisa kakhulu izimoto ezintsha zamandla, futhi imithetho kazwelonke yokushaja isetshenziswa e-China, okwenza ukushaja kube lula kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-China yenza umzamo omkhulu wokuhambisa le mithetho namazinga omhlaba wonke, ukuze noma ngabe ukuphi unezimoto ezintsha zamandla, ukuzishaja e-China kuzoba yinto elula futhi elula!

3. Intuthuko ebalulekile engqalasizinda yokushaja

Ngokuqondene nokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yokushaja, kuye kwaba nempumelelo enkulu. Ngokwezinhlangano eziseYurophu ezibizwa nge-ACEA, izikhundla ezintsha zokushaja zomphakathi ezingaphezu kuka-150,000 zokushaja izimoto zikagesi zingeziwe e-EU ngo-2023, okwenza isamba sibe izikhundla zokushaja ezingaphezu kuka-630,000.

I-ACEA iphinde ibike ukuthi ngo-2030, i-EU izodinga ukuba nezindawo zokushaja zomphakathi ezingu-8.8 million ukuze wonke umuntu ashajwe. Ngamanye amazwi, phakathi manje no-2030, i-EU izodinga ukufaka izindawo zokushaja ezintsha eziyi-1.2 million njalo ngonyaka.

4.Ukusekelwa yinkqubo kazwelonke

Ukuze kube lula ukukhuthazwa kwezimoto ezisebenzisa amandla amasha, amazwe arilethile imithetho eminingi ukuze asize. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-EU, imithetho yabo igxile kakhulu ezindaweni ezilandelayo: okokuqala, kwenziwa imizamo emikhulu ukwakha iziteshi zokushaja ukuze ukushaja izimoto ezisebenzisa amandla amasha kube lula. Okwesibili, babuye babeka ipulaki eyodwa yokushaja, ukuze noma ngabe iyiphi imoto oyisebenzisayo, ungasebenzisa isiteshi esifanayo sokushaja. Ekugcineni, i-EU iphinde inikeze imali noma izaphulelo zentela kubantu abathenga izimoto ezisebenzisa amandla amasha, okwenza kube shibhile ukuthenga imoto.

IJALIMANI: Uhulumeni uhlela ukusebenzisa izigidigidi zama-euro eminyakeni emithathu ezayo ukwakha iziteshi zokushaja ze-EV eziningi, futhi bathemba ukuba neziteshi zokushaja eziyisigidi esisodwa ngo-2030. Akugcinanga lapho, kodwa uhulumeni waseJalimani uphinde unikeze izibonelelo kubantu abafaka iziteshi zokushaja, noma ngabe izinkampani noma abantu.

I-Netherlands: Uhulumeni ubuye wethula izinhlelo ezimbili zezibonelelo. Enye ibizwa ngokuthi "Uhlelo Lwezibonelelo Zesiteshi Sokushaja Sangasese Ezinkampanini", esisiza izinkampani ukuthi zakhe iziteshi zazo zokushaja; enye yi "Uhlelo Lwezibonelelo Zesiteshi Sokushaja Somphakathi Ezimotweni Ezithwala Izimpahla Ezisindayo", ekhuthaza iziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi ezimotweni ezithwala izinto ezinkulu. Zombili lezi zinhlelo zenzelwe ukweseka iziteshi zokushaja ezingcono neziningi zezimoto zikagesi e-Netherlands.

5. "Amafutha amakhulu amathathu" akhawulezisa ukuhlelwa kokushaja nokushintsha

Ngokubhekiswa emgomweni womhlaba wonke wokufuna izimoto zikagesi nokwakhiwa kweziteshi zokushaja, i-China’s “Big Three Oils”, okungukuthi i-Sinopec (CPDC), i-CNPC kanye ne-CNOOC emkhakheni wezinto zokukhiqiza uwoyela, bezimatasa ukusheshisa ukubandakanyeka kwazo embonini yokuhamba eluhlaza.

I-Sinopec ihamba ngokushesha kakhulu, umgomo wabo ukwakha iziteshi eziningi zokushaja nokushintsha, futhi seziqedile izinkulungwane, futhi bahlela ukuqhubeka nokwandisa izinga, ukuze babe ngumqhubi wokushaja ohamba phambili eChina kanye nesikhulumi esikhulu sokuqala. Iziteshi zokushaja izimoto zikagesi ezinkulu zepetrochemical azigcini ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, kodwa izindawo zesevisi zomgwaqo azizange zishiywe ngaphandle, ukuze abanikazi bezimoto ezintsha zamandla nabo bakwazi ukujabulela ukushaja okulula ngesikhathi sohambo olude.

I-PetroChina ayifuni ukudlula, basungula inkampani entsha, bathola ezinye izinkampani zokushaja, futhi babambisana nezinkampani eziningi, benhloso yokwakha izinkulungwane zeziteshi zokushaja nokushintsha ezweni lonke. Abakhi nje iziteshi zokushaja, kodwa futhi babandakanyeka ekushajeni okusheshayo nokushintsha lezi zindlela ezintsha, bezama ukuhlinzeka ngensizakalo ephelele kakhudlwana.

I-CNOOC, nakuba ingene kamuva kuleli sayensi, nayo iyayisebenzisa kakhulu imali ebhizinisini lokushaja nokushintsha izimoto ezisebenzisa amandla amasha, ihlose ukubandakanyeka kulo lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni.

Ngokuvamile, ama-'Big Three Oils' asebenzisa izinzuzo zawo, njengamasayithi, izimali, izinhlobo, ukusheshisa ukuhlelwa kwezinsizakalo zokushaja nokushintsha, afuna ukuzimisa kule ndawo entsha futhi abambe isabelo semakethe.

Sinopec

(1)Icebo: ukwakha inethiwekhi enkulu kakhulu yeziteshi zokushaja, isiqalo sokuqala seziteshi zokushaja ezingu-5,000 ze-EV ngo-2025. Kuze kube manje, kuneziteshi zokushaja ezingaphezu kuka-6,000 sezikhona, ezisabalele kulo lonke izwe ukuze kuvunyelwe abanikazi bezimoto kulo lonke izwe ukuthi bashaje kalula.

(2)Ukubambisana: Ngaphezu kwalokho, umdondoshiya wezinto zokubasa uye wenza ukubambisana okujulile ne-MARUIKEL ukuthi bahlanganyele ekuthuthukiseni ibhizinisi lokushaja.

PetroChina

(1)Icebo: Le nkampani ibe nesu lokwakha elinamandla ngo-2024, ihlela ukwakha iziteshi zokushaja nokushintsha izimoto ezingaphezu kuka-1,000, iqhubeka nokuphucula nokulungisa uhlelo.

(2)Izenzo: Isungule izinkampani ezikhethekile ngokuhlela kabusha futhi yaphumelela ukuqalisa iziteshi ezinkulu zokushaja ezihlanganisa ukukhanya-nokugcina-ukushaja e-Shenzhen nezinye izindawo, ibonisa isenzo esinamandla.

CNOOC

Le nkampani ingumdlali wakuqala emakethe yokushaja izimoto zikagesi (EV) futhi izibophezele ngokuphelele ekwakheni uchungechunge lwezimboni oluqedile oluthi "PV, ukugcina amandla, ukushaja, ukukhipha amandla, nokupholisa".

Ngokubambisana ne-MARUIKEL ekwakheni iziteshi zokushaja izimoto zikagesi, iqhubekile nokucebisa ukuhlelwa kwayo kwezebhizinisi.

6. Izizathu zemizamo yabo embonini yokushaja

Ama-"Big Three Oils" ayashesha ukuhlela imboni yokushaja ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene.

Okokuqala, izimoto ezintsha zamandla ziqala ukuthatha umfutho ngokwehla kokudayiswa kwezimoto ezisebenzisa uphethiloli zakudala. Ngenxa yalokho, ibhizinisi likawowo wokuphethiloli liyancipha ukuthandwa nokwenza inzuzo, liphoqa ama-“Big Three Oils” ukuthi athole ngokushesha ezinye izindlela zokwenza imali.

Okwesibili, kunezimoto eziningi ezintsha zamandla kanti ingqalasizinda yokushaja ayihambelani, abanikazi bezimoto abaningi abakwazi ukuthola indawo yokushaja kalula, le nkinga kumele ixazululwe ngokushesha.

Okwesithathu, "Amafutha Amakhulu amathathu" akholelwa ukuthi ngaphezu kokugcwalisa uphethiloli, ukushaja kungangezwa emikhakheni yabo ukuze kunikezwe izinsizakalo eziphelele, ngakho-ke bazoncintisana kakhulu emakethe, bakwazi kangcono ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko zamanje zemakethe.

Ekugcineni, ukuphendula ngokusebenzayo isimemo senqubomgomo kazwelonke nokukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwezinsiza zokushaja nakho kuyisishukumisi esibalulekile sokuthi "amafutha amakhulu amathathu" atshale embonini yokushaja izimoto zikagesi.

Ngokuqondene nemibono yokuhlelwa, "amafutha amakhulu amathathu" anezinto ezihlukene abheke kuzo. I-PetroChina izinikele ezifundeni ezithile, njengokukhawulezisa ukwanda kweziteshi zokushaja izimoto zikagesi e-Xinjiang nezinye izindawo nokwakha imigqa emikhulu yokushaja yamaloli amakhulu akagesi.

I-Sinopec's isu lokushaja izimoto zikagesi libanzi, lihlanganisa izifundazwe namadolobha amaningi kulo lonke elaseChina, lakha "inethiwekhi kazwelonke" ephelele, ikakhulukazi igxile ekwakheni izikhundla eziningi zokushaja ngokushesha ezindaweni zezinsizakalo zomgwaqo omkhulu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokushaja zokuhamba ibanga elide.

I-CNOOC inamathela embonweni wokugcizelela ikhwalithi kunenani, yakha ngokucophelela iziteshi zamandla ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisa ukugcwalisa uphethiloli, ukushaja, nokukhiqiza amandla elanga (photovoltaic), futhi ivula iziteshi zokushaja esidlangaleni ukuthuthukisa ukuba lula nokuphelela kwezinsizakalo.

7. Umbiko wesikhathi esizayo

Sibheke esikhathini esizayo, ngokwanda kokuqwashisa ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo, imboni yezimoto ezintsha zamandla izoqhubeka nokuphumelela, futhi nemboni yezinsiza zokushaja izovula amathuba okuthuthuka angakaze abhekwe ngaphambili. Ukubambisana okusondele phakathi kwe-MARUIKEL kanye ne-"Big Three Oils" emkhakheni wokushaja akusizi bona kuphela ukuthi bandise ngokushesha kodwa futhi kusize ekutholeni ozakwethu ezifundeni zaseYurophu naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kunikeze indawo enkulu yokuthuthukisa amakhasimende. I-MARUIKEL izibophezele ekusizeni amakhasimende ukuthi andise isabelo semakethe futhi athuthukise ukuncintisana okuyisisekelo. Kulokhu kugeleza kokuhamba okuluhlaza kusuka "ekugcwaliseni" kuya "ekushajeni", ukuhlelwa okuphambili kwe-"Big Three Oils" kuzojova amandla amasha ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni, kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezinsiza zemboni yezimoto ezintsha zamandla, futhi ngokuhlanganyela siye esikhathini esiluhlaza futhi esisimeme kakhudlwana.