Umbiko osanda kukhishwa yiSolar and Hydrogen Energy Research Center eBaden-Württemberg, eJalimane, ubonisa ukuthi ngo-2024, isitoko somhlaba se-EVs (kuhlanganisa ne-battery EVs, plug-in hybrid EVs, kanye ne-extended-range EVs) sifikile cishe kumamiliyoni angama-42, sikhula ngama-50% ngonyaka. Phakathi kwabo, isitoko se-EVs eChina sasingama-23.4 million, sithatha ngaphezu kwengxenye yesibili yesamba somhlaba.

Ngokwezinombolo ezivela epulatifomu yeStatista yaseJalimane, ngo-2024, imali engenayo yomhlaba wonke emakethe ye-EV kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-USD 786.2 billion, futhi izogcina ishesha ngokukhula okujwayelekile okungama-6.63% kusukela ngo-2024 kuya ku-2029. Abantu abaphakathi kwemikhakha bakholelwa ukuthi ngokwanda kokuthandwa kokuvikelwa kwemvelo nemigomo ye-low-carbon emhlabeni jikelele kanye nokushesha kokwakhiwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe emkhakheni we-EV, ukuthengiswa kwe-EV emhlabeni jikelele kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke nokukhula ngokushesha throughout 2024.

Ukukhula Okukhulu Kwedatha Yokuthengisa Jikelele

Ngokwalolu mbiko lwakamuva, ngo-2023, inani eliphelele lama-EVs angu-14.8 million labhaliswa emhlabeni jikelele. Phakathi kwabo, iChina ihole kakhulu ngokubhaliswa kwama-EVs angaphezu kwama-9 million. I-European Union yaba yimakethe yesibili enkulu emhlabeni nge-2.5 million ama-EVs abhaliswe muva, kanti i-United States ibekwe endaweni yesithathu ngama-EVs angu-1.5 million. Umbiko wenkampani yokucwaninga emakethe i-ABI Research ubonisa ukuthi kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2023, ukuthengiswa kwe-EVs emhlabeni kukhule ngama-506%.

Umbiko we-"Global EV Outlook 2024" owakhishwa ngaphambili yi-International Energy Agency ubonisile ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi emhlabeni jikelele kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele ku-17 million ngo-2024, okwakha ngaphezu kwesigamu sesithathu sokuthengiswa kwezimoto emhlabeni jikelele. Ngo-2024, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi eChina kuzokhuphuka kufike cishe ku-10 million, okwakha cishe u-45% wokuthengiswa kwezimoto zasendaweni eChina; eYurophu nase-United States, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi kulindeleke ukuthi kube ngu-1/4 no-1/9 ngokulandelana. Ucwaningo lwango-2024 lwabathengi baseYurophu olwenziwa yiMcKinsey lukhombisa ukuthi phakathi kwabathengi bezimoto abangakathengi imoto esebenza ngogesi, u-38% bathi imoto yabo elandelayo izoba yimoto esebenza ngogesi. Imibiko yokuhlaziya imakethe ikholelwa ukuthi isidingo sezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi emakethe ezikhulayo sikhula ngokushesha futhi sizoba yimakethe ebalulekile yokuthengiswa kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ngo-2024. Ukuthengiswa kwonyaka kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ezweni njengeThailand ne-Indonesia kungenzeka kukhuphuke kakhulu. Umbiko owakhishwa yi-S&P Global ukholelwa ukuthi imboni yezimoto emhlabeni jikelele iyashesha ukuguqula ukuze ibe ne-electrification. Ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi kwangomuso kulindeleke ukuba kube nokukhula okukhulu, futhi amathuba emakethe abanzi. Ngonyaka ka-2030, izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi zizoba ngaphezu kwesigamu sesine sezimoto zabagibeli ezithengisiwe ezintsha.

Amathuba Amakhulu Okuthuthukiswa Kwezimboni

I-athikili kwiMboni yezeMali yeHlabathi, enezinhloso ezibanzi zokuthuthukiswa kwemboni, ithi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kokuthuthukiswa nokuxazululwa kwesikhathi sokuphila kwamabhethri, izindleko zezimoto, izinsiza zokushaja nezinye izinkinga, kulindeleke ukuthi isidingo semakethe yomhlaba jikelele se-EVs sikhule. Ukushayelwa phambili yizici eziningi ezinhle ezifana nokwethulwa kwezikhuthazo ezweni lonke, ukuhamba phambili kwezobuchwepheshe bezimboni, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsiza zokushaja kanye nezinguquko kumakhethini abathengi, imakethe ye-EV yomhlaba jikelele iyashesha. Ngokusho kombiko we-International Energy Agency, isidingo se-EVs silindeleke ukuthi sikhule kakhulu njengoba ukuncintisana kwemakethe nokukhiqizwa okukhulu kuholela ekwehleni kancane kwentengo ye-EVs. I-EV iyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokunciphisa ukukhishwa okukhuthazwa kakhulu amazwe. Ukuqhubeka kokuvuselelwa kobuchwepheshe bamabhethri kanye nobuchwepheshe bokushaja, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-EVs nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, i-Internet, idatha enkulu nezinye zobuchwepheshe eziguqula umhlaba kuzoqhubeka kuvule izikhala ezintsha zemakethe.

I-"Global EV Outlook 2024" ikhombisa ukuthi ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwezikhungo zokushaja zomphakathi kubalulekile ekwandiseni ngokuzinzile imakethe ye-EV ngokuhambisana nezinga lokuthengiswa kwe-EV. Inani lezikhungo zokushaja zomphakathi ezifakwe emhlabeni jikelele lenyuke ngama-40% ngo-2023 uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka owedlule, futhi izinga lokukhula kwezikhungo zokushaja ezisheshayo liphinde lenyuke ngokushesha. Ukuze kufezwe imigomo yokufakwa kwe-EV eqinisekiswe ngababusi emhlabeni jikelele, kulindeleke ukuthi inethiwekhi yokushaja ikhule kabili ngo-2035.

Le mibiko iphinde yathi eminyakeni ezayo eyi-10, isidingo se-EV sizoqhubeka sikhula ngokushesha. Uma ama-EV ethengiswa kakhulu, imboni yezimoto yomhlaba izodinga ukushintsha, futhi izimoto ezisemgwaqweni zizosebenzisa uwoyela omncane kakhulu. Imboni yezimoto ixhumene nezimboni eziningi eziphezulu nezisezingeni eliphansi, futhi idlala indima enkulu ekuguqulweni okuluhlaza nasekuthuthukisweni okuphansi kwekhabhoni, futhi akekho ongayifaka esikhundleni sayo.

I-International Energy Agency ibikezela ukuthi isidingo somhlaba jikelele se-EVs sizoqhubeka sikhula kakhulu eminyakeni eyi-10 ezayo. Ukukhuphuka kwesidingo se-EVs kuzoshintsha umkhakha wezimoto emhlabeni jikelele futhi kunciphise kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela emkhakheni wezokuthutha ezindleleni. Ucwaningo olufanele lukhombisa ukuthi umkhakha wezimoto uxhumanisa izixhumanisi eziningi eziphezulu nezisezingeni eliphansi futhi udlala indima ebalulekile engashintshwanga ekuguqulweni okuluhlaza nasekuthuthukisweni okuphansi kwekhabhoni.

Ngonyaka ka-2023, ukusetshenziswa kwe-EVs kwehlise ukukhishwa kwegesi eluhlaza emhlabeni jikelele ngaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi ezi-220, uma kuqhathaniswa namathani ayizigidi ezi-80 ngonyaka ka-2022!

Kwenziwe eChina Kwenza Ukuguqulwa Okuluhlaza

I-athikili yeMali yeHlabathi ithi ngokufika kwesikhathi se-EVs ezihlakaniphile, ushintsho emibonweni yabathengi, kanye nentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, imakethe yemoto yomhlaba ibhekene nokuguqulwa okubalulekile, lapho imboni yemoto yaseShayina ibonakale kahle ekuguqulweni kokukhanyisa. Esikhathini esizayo, iShayina izoqhubeka nokugcina umoya wokukhula okusheshayo emkhakheni we-EV. Ngokusho kwezibalo ezivela kuMbutho Wabakhiqizi Bezimoto baseShayina, ngo-2023, ukukhiqizwa nokuthengiswa kwemoto ezisebenzisa amandla amasha eShayina kugcine ukukhula okusheshayo, kufinyelela ku-9.587 million kanye no-9.495 million ngokulandelana, kukhuphuka ngo-35.8% kanye no-37.9% ngonyaka. Okwamanje, ukukhiqizwa kwe-EVs ngabakhiqizi bezimoto baseShayina kuthatha ngaphezu kwengxenye yesibili yokukhiqizwa kwe-EVs emhlabeni.

Ngokombiko wephephandaba lebhizinisi laseJalimane i-Handelsblatt, ubuchwepheshe bezinhlaka zamabhethri nokushaja sebuye baba yinsika yokucwaninga nokuthuthukisa emkhakheni we-EV womhlaba, kanti iChina ibamba indawo ebalulekile kulokhu. IChina inezinhlobonhlobo zamalungelo obunikazi bokushaja, futhi "inani layo nolwazi lokufaka izicelo zamalungelo obunikazi kuyamangalisa." Inethiwekhi eqinile eyakhiwe ngababheki bezimoto baseChina, abahlinzeki, amanyuvesi, kanye nezinkampani ezisanda kuqala ithatha umholi emkhakheni wamapatent wobuchwepheshe bokushaja. Lokhu kukhuthaze abakhiqizi baseJalimane ukuba baqhubeke nokubambisana eChina. Abakhiqizi bezimoto abafana neMercedes-Benz, BMW, kanye neVolkswagen benza ukubambisana ngokufuna abahlinzeki baseChina, ukusungula izinkampani ezihlanganyelayo nezinkampani ze-EV zaseChina, nokuhlanganyela ekuthuthukiseni amamodeli amasha. Ngokwezinombolo ezibaliwe yi-International Energy Agency, ukuze kufezwe umgomo wokungabi ne-carbon, ukuthengiswa kwamazwe omhlaba kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kudinga ukufinyelela cishe kumamiliyoni angama-45 ngo-2030, okungaphezu kwezikhathi ezintathu kwalokho ngo-2023. Amandla okwakha okwamanje akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemakethe yomhlaba. USurapong Suebwonglee, umphakathi we-EV waseThailand, uthe ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wamandla amasha emhlabeni jikelele kuyinjongo ejwayelekile. Njengomholi emkhakheni we-EV womhlaba, iChina yenze izinkonzo ezibalulekile ekuxazululeni ukushisa komhlaba. "Ngaphansi kwesizinda sokuhwebelana komnotho, ukuqina kokubambisana neChina emkhakheni we-EV kungavumela amazwe emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi amazwe asathuthuka, ukuba azuze ekuthuthukisweni komkhakha wamandla amasha," kusho uSurapong.